Abstract:
Robotic telesurgery is a technology that doctors use advanced surgical robots and network communica‑tion technology to carry out surgery on patients in different places. Robotic telesurgery can sink high-quality medi‑cal resources to serve patients in remote areas, and can also be used for emergency rescue, disaster relief, battle‑field and other special occasions to provide patients with timely, effective and high-quality surgical treatment, as well as reducing medical costs and patient transport risks. With the rapid development of the fifth generation wire‑less network, low latency and high broadband communication are provided for robotic telesurgery, and faster and more accurate real-time data transmission makes it possible to carry out complex surgery remotely. In this review, the current situation of robotic telesurgery at home and abroad is described, and the future of robotic telesurgery is prospected.

Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of different concentrations of oleic acid on human osteosarcoma cell lines 143B and HOS，as well as the impacts of the optimal concentration of oleic acid on cellular lipid droplet syn - thesis and cell functions. Methods The 143B and HOS cells were treated with varying concentrations of oleic acid （0，25，50，100，and 200 µmol/L）for 48 hours. Following treatment，oil red O staining and BODIPY staining were performed to determine the optimal concentration. Subsequently，CCK-8 assays and colony formation experi- ments were conducted to assess the effect of this optimal concentration of oleic acid on the cell proliferation of both cell lines. Transwell migration assays were utilized to evaluate the influence of the optimal concentration on migra - tory capacity and Transwell invasion assays were utilized to evaluate the invasive ability. Additionally，Western blot analysis was employed to examine the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）markers Epithelial cadherin（E-cadherin）and Neural cadherin（N-cadherin）in response to treatment with the optimal con- centration of oleic acid. Results Treatment with oleic acid did not induce significant cell death in either 143B or HOS cells；however，an increase in intracellular lipid droplets was observed alongside enhanced proliferation，mi- gration，invasion capabilities as well as EMT transformation potential（P<0. 05）. Conclusion Oleic acid induces lipid droplet synthesis in osteosarcoma cells which subsequently promotes their proliferation，migration and inva- sion abilities along with EMT transformation.

Abstract:
Objective To construct a stable monoclonal human embryonic kidney 293(HEK293) cell line ex‑pressing recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅶ （rhFⅦ） and evaluate the expression level and procoagulant bioac‑tivity of rhFⅦ.Methods The plasmid pCDNA3. 1-EGFP-FⅦ was transfected into HEK293 cells to verify the effec‑tiveness of the transfection system. The plasmid pCDNA3. 1-FⅦ was transfected into HEK293 cells, and monoclo‑nal stable transfected cell lines were selected using geneticin(G418). The transcription of the FⅦ gene was identi‑fied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The expression level of rhFⅦ in the superna‑tant of the monoclonal stable transfected cell line was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel elec‑trophoresis and Western blot. The concentration of rhFⅦ was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the procoagulant activity of rhFⅦ was measured by human coagulation factor Ⅶ potency assay.Results HEK293 cells transfected with pcDNA3. 1-EGFP-FⅦ showed green fluorescence, indicating that rhFⅦ was successfully expressed in the supernatant of HEK293 cells after transient transfection with pcDNA3. 1-FⅦ. The monoclonal stable transfected cell line was obtained by G418 screening. RT-PCR identified that the FⅦ gene was integrated into the genome of the monoclonal stable transfected cell line. The cell viability was good as detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, and a single band of rhFⅦ was obtained by purification of the cell supernatant. The highest rhFⅦ expression was(1. 27±0. 09) mg/L, and the highest procoagulant activity was(380. 29±13. 80)%.Conclusion The monoclonal HEK293 cell lines which can express rhFⅦ protein efficiently and stably with excellent pro‑coagulant bioactivity is successfully screened.

Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of hypoxia on the migration ability of human oligodendrocyte precur- sor cells（hOPCs）and its regulatory mechanisms. Methods Based on the variations in oxygen concentration within the culture system，three experimental groups were set up：the 21%O₂ group（normoxic control group），the 5%O₂ group，and the 2%O₂ group. The migration ability of hOPCs under normoxia（21%O₂), 5%O₂ , and 2%O₂ conditions was detected through the Transwell migration assay. RT-qPCR，transcriptome sequencing，and flow cy- tometry were used to detect the expression changes of genes and proteins such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha （HIF-1α) and chemokine（C-X-C Motif）receptor 4（CXCR4）. Bioinformatics analysis was combined to analyze the KEGG pathways related to migration，so as to explore the effects of different oxygen concentrations on the migra - tion ability of hOPCs and their possible mechanisms. Results Hypoxia treatments at concentrations of 5%O₂ and 2%O₂ could both promote the in vitro migration of hOPCs，and the promoting effect of migration was more signifi- cant at the 2%O ₂ concentration（P<0. 001）. After hypoxia treatment，the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α , CXCR4，etc. in hOPCs significantly increased（P<0. 001）. Compared with the 5%O ₂ concentration，the expres- sion of CXCR4 in cells was higher at the 2%O ₂ concentration（P<0. 000 1）. Flow cytometry analysis detection showed that the expression of CXCR4 increased significantly after hypoxia treatment（P<0. 01），and with the de- crease of oxygen concentration，its expression level further increased（P<0. 000 1）. Ordinary transcriptome se- quencing analysis indicated that hypoxia treatment could activate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the Axon guidance pathway. Conclusion Hypoxia treatment can enhance the in vitro migration ability of hOPCs，and this effect is negatively correlated with the oxygen concentration. Its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of genes such as HIF-1α and CXCR4，and the activation of the migration related signaling pathway including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and axon guidance pathway.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）inhibition on autophagy and oxida- tive stress，as well as its regulatory role and mechanism in the inflammatory response in a mouse model of gastric ul - cer. Methods Sixty adult male Kunming mice were equally divided into five groups：control group，model group， model+TLR4-IN-C34 group，model+TLR4-IN-C34+3-MA group，and model+TLR4-IN-C34+H ₂ O ₂ group. Except for the control group，all groups were administered 40 mg/kg indomethacin via gavage. Treatment groups received injections every three days，and all groups were treated for 30 days. Mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation， and gastric tissues were collected. Gastric ulcer scores were assessed，and pathological changes were evaluated via HE staining and scoring. Serum levels of interleukin-1阝（IL-1阝）， IL-6，tumor necrosis factor- α（TNF-α), ad- vanced oxidation protein products（AOPP），and prostaglandin E2（PGE2），as well as gastric tissue levels of malo- ndialdehyde（ MDA）， superoxide dismutase（ SOD）， and reduced glutathione（ GSH）， were measured using ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of TLR4，microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3- Ⅰ（LC3- Ⅰ ), LC3- Ⅱ , autophagy-related protein 5（Atg5），Beclin-1，nuclear factor erythroid 2-re- lated factor 2（Nrf2），heme oxygenase-1（HO-1），and NAD（P）H quinone dehydrogenase 1（NQO1）in gastric tis- sues. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess LC3- Ⅱ fluorescence intensity in gastric tissues. Results Compared with the control group，the model group exhibited upregulation of ulcer scores，HE staining scores， TLR4，IL-1阝，IL-6，TNF-α , and AOPP levels，and downregulation of LC3- Ⅱ fluorescence intensity，PGE2 lev- els，Atg5，Beclin-1，nuclear Nrf2，HO-1，NQO1 levels，and the LC3- Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio（all P < 0. 05）. Compared with the model group，the model+TLR4-IN-C34 group showed downregulation of ulcer scores，HE staining scores， TLR4，IL-1阝，IL-6，TNF-α , and AOPP levels，and upregulation of LC3- Ⅱ fluorescence intensity，PGE2 levels， Atg5，Beclin-1，nuclear Nrf2，HO-1，NQO1 levels，and the LC3- Ⅱ/ Ⅰ ratio（all P < 0. 05）. Compared with the model+TLR4-IN-C34 group，the model+TLR4-IN-C34+3-MA group exhibited upregulation of ulcer scores，HE staining scores，IL-1阝，IL-6，TNF- α , and AOPP levels，and downregulation of LC3- Ⅱ fluorescence intensity， PGE2 levels，Atg5，Beclin-1，and the LC3- Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio（all P < 0. 05）. Compared with the model+TLR4-IN-C34 group，the model+TLR4-IN-C34+H₂O₂ group showed upregulation of ulcer scores，HE staining scores，IL-1阝，IL- 6，TNF-α , and AOPP levels，and downregulation of PGE2 levels and nuclear Nrf2，HO-1，and NQO1 levels（all P < 0. 05）. Conclusion Inhibition of TLR4 ameliorates gastric ulcer symptoms and suppresses the inflammatory response in mice by upregulating autophagy and reducing oxidative stress.

Abstract:
Objective To detect the proportion of splenic follicular helper T（Tfh）cells and their functionally re- lated cytokine expression levels in the incomplete embryo implantation disorder（EID）model mice，and to explore the immunological mechanism of Tfh in infertility caused by embryo implantation disorder. Methods Sixteen fe- male Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups，with eight mice in each group. On day 4 of pregnancy， an incomplete EID mouse model was established by oral gavage of mifepristone suspension，while an equal volume of saline was administered to the control group. On day 8 of pregnancy，the mice were euthanized. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of Tfh cells in the spleen lymphocytes of both incomplete EID mice and normal control mice. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 6（Bcl-6）and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 protein（CXCR5）in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Western blot was employed to assess the protein expression levels of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Serum levels of inter- leukin-4（IL-4）， IL-6，and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry（IHC）was used to observe the expression levels of progesterone receptor（PR），Bcl-6，and CXCR5 proteins in the uterine endometrial tissue of mice in both groups. Results Incomplete-type EID mice had a reduced number of embryo implantation points and reduced endometrial PR expression. Flow assay results showed that the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+Tfh cells in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete-type EID mice was significantly higher than that of normal controls（P<0. 05）.Compared with the normal control group，Bcl-6 and CXCR5 mRNA levels and protein levels were elevated in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete EID mice，with statistically significant differences（P<0. 05）；serum IL-4，IL- 6，and IL-21 levels were elevated in incomplete EID mice，and Bcl-6 and CXCR5 proteins in the endometrium were significantly elevated（P<0. 05）. Conclusion The increase of Tfh cells and their associated cytokines Bcl-6 and CXCR5 is associated with the development of incomplete EID，and may be involved in the development of fe- male immune infertility.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of simvastatin pretreatment on kidney ischemia re- perfusion injury（IRI ）in mice. Methods Fifteen male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into three groups：Sham operation group（Sham group），kidney IRI group（IR group），and simvastatin pretreatment+kidney IRI group（SIM group）. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining of kidney tissue and detection of serum creatinine（SCr） and lactate dehydrogenase（ LDH ）were used to evaluate kidney injury. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD），reduced glutathione（GSH），malondialdehyde（MDA）and reactive oxygen species（ROS）were detected to evaluate oxidative stress. The contents of ferrous iron（Fe2+ ）and ferric iron（Fe3+ ）in kidney tissue were de- tected，and the morphological changes of mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscope. The relative expression levels of Kruppel-like factor 2（KLF2），glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4），solute carrier family 7 member 11（SLC7A11），and acyl-coa synthetase long chain family member 4（ACSL4）protein in kidney tissue were detected. Results Compared with the IR group，the SIM group had significantly reduced renal tubular injury and decreased contents of Scr and LDH in serum（P < 0. 001）. It also showed increased expression of SOD and GSH and decreased expression of MDA and ROS（P < 0. 01）. Simvastatin pretreatment reduced the contents of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the tissues（P < 0. 01）and alleviated mitochondrial damage. It also promoted the expression of KLF2（P < 0. 01），up-regulated the expression of ferroptosis-related protective proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11，and down-regulated the expression of ferroptosis-related damage protein ACSL4（P < 0. 05）. Conclusion Simvastatin pretreatment may inhibit kidney ferroptosis by promoting the expression of KLF2 to alleviate kidney IRI.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Notoginsenoside R1（NGR1）ameliorates hypoxia/ reoxygenation（H/R）-induced injury in AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell lines through the regulation of mitophagy. Methods Common genes linked to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and mitophagy were identified by intersecting data from GeneCards and MitoCarta databases. AC16 cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assay under varying NGR1 concentrations（0，6. 25，12. 5，25，50，100，200，300，400，500 μmol/L）. AC16 cells were divided into the following groups：control group（Control），model group（H/R），and treatment groups（H/R + NGR1 at 100， 200 and 300 μmol/L）. Mitochondrial membrane potential ( ΔΨm）was measured using 5，5'，6，6'-tetrachloro-1，1'， 3，3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide（JC-1） staining. Transcriptional levels of mitophagy-related genes（Parkin，Pink1，P62）were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）. Protein ex- pression of mitophagy-related markers（Parkin，Pink1，P62，and LC3BⅡ ) was evaluated via Western blot analy- sis. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was visualized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. Results Compared to the control group，cell viability in the H/R group significantly decreased（P<0. 01）. Treatment with NGR1 at concentrations above 100 μmol/L significantly enhanced the cell viability of AC16 cells compared to the H/R group （P<0. 01）. H/R induced a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential（P<0. 01）， which was re- stored by NGR1 treatment（P<0. 01）. The mRNA levels of Parkin，Pink1，and P62 in the H/R group were upregu- lated compared to the control group（ P<0. 05）， while NGR1 intervention downregulated their expression（ P< 0. 05）. Protein expression levels of Parkin，Pink1，and LC3B Ⅱ in the H/R group significantly increased，while P62 expression decreased compared to the control group（P<0. 01）. In contrast，different doses of NGR1 treatment significantly reduced the expression of Parkin，Pink1，and LC3B Ⅱ while increasing P62 expression（P<0. 05）. TEM revealed that the mitochondrial structure in the H/R group was severely disrupted，with fragmented and disor- ganized cristae，which was alleviated by NGR1. Conclusion NGR1 ameliorates H/R-induced AC16 cell injury， and its mechanism may be associated with modulating the Pink1/Parkin pathway to suppress excessive mitophagy.

Abstract:
Objective To explore the microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis with hemolytic phenotype(SEHP).Methods Hemolytic phenotype was detected using the three-point inoculation method, in‑volving a total of 5 strains of SEHP and 5 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis with non-hemolytic phenotype(SENHP). Bacterial species were identified using the Microflex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, and a phylo‑genetic tree was constructed through 16S rRNA sequence alignment. Growth curves were monitored through the mi‑crocultivation assay. Biofilm formation ability was assessed by microplate crystal violet staining. Red blood cell tox‑icity was detected using the microplate method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of SEHP and SENHP against commonly used antibiotics was performed using a VITEK 2 GP639 test kit. Antagonistic effects of SEHP and SENHP against Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium striatum were evaluated by the Oxford cup inhibition as‑say. Results Compared with SENHP, SEHP exhibited a marked decrease in growth rate during the late logarith‑mic phase, accompanied by significant hemolytic toxicity. Additionally, it showed lower resistance rates to levo‑floxacin and moxifloxacin, and could antagonize Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium striatum.Conclusion The microbiological characteristics of SEHP differ from those of SENHP in that SEHP demonstrates antago‑nistic effects against S. aureus and C. striatum.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the differential expression of integrin alpha-6（ITGA6）in abdominal wall en- dometriosis（AWE）tissues and its molecular mechanisms in regulating AWE. Methods 36 AWE lesions were designated as the experimental group，while 36 cases of normal endometrial tissues served as the controls. Differen- tial expression of ITGA6 between the two groups was assessed through immunohistochemical（IHC）staining. Hu- man ITGA6 gene-specific interference sequences were designed，synthesized，and packaged into lentiviral vectors to establish the Ishikawa cell line with ITGA6-knockdown. Similarly，the ITGA6-overexpression cell line was con- structed using the coding sequence（CDS）of the gene. Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）-related markers and angiogenesis-related indicators. Cell in- vasion and migration capabilities were assessed by Cell Scratch and Transwell assays. Furthermore，Western blot was conducted to profile PI3K/AKT pathway dynamics. Results Ectopic endometrial tissues exhibited a marked increase in the number of ITGA6-positive cells and their expression intensity compared to eutopic endometrium （each P < 0. 001）. Compared with the NC group，the ITGA6-knockdown group showed significantly reduced ex- pression of N-cadherin，VEGF，and TGF-阝1（all P < 0. 01），while E-cadherin expression was markedly increased （P < 0. 01）. Concomitantly，the invasion and migration capacities of ITGA6-low expression were significantly im- paired（P < 0. 001 for both），accompanied by a marked reduction in AKT and phosphorylated AKT（p-AKT）levels （P < 0. 001）. Conversely，overexpressing ITGA6 resulted in opposite effects. Conclusion ITGA6 modulates EMT and angiogenesis in Ishikawa cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway，thereby enhancing cell invasion and migration capabilities，which contributes to the pathogenesis of AWE.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneu‑monia(MPP) in children based on a dual classification integrating imaging features and clinical severity.Methods Medical records of 2 054 pediatric patients with MPP were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort was stratified into severe consolidation(n=253), severe non-consolidation(n=118), non-severe consolidation(n=393), and non-severe non-consolidation groups(n=1 290) based on clinical and radiological findings. Inter group data and characteristics were compared and multiple regression analysis was conducted to construct a prediction model for se‑vere consolidation group.Results Significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of age, dura‑tion of fever, length of hospital stay, presence of pulmonary rales, inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein(CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)], the use of hormones, and bronchoscopic treatment(all P 4. 5 years, length of hospital stay > 6. 5 days, reduced breath sounds, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) > 1. 66, LDH > 370. 5 U/L, CRP > 9. 5 mg/L, and coinfection with vi‑ruses. Reduced breath sounds(OR = 5. 58, 95% CI: 2. 45-12. 69) and coinfection with bacteria(OR = 3. 11, 95% CI: 1. 43-6. 75) were identified as the most significant risk factors for pulmonary consolidation in non-severe MPP children. Additionally, reduced breath sounds, coinfection with viruses, LDH > 365. 5 U/L, and CRP > 32. 1 mg/L were risk factors for severe pneumonia in children with pulmonary consolidation. For non-consolidation MPP children, the presence of pulmonary dry rales(OR = 2. 28, 95% CI: 1. 46-3. 56) was the primary indepen‑dent risk factor for the development of severe pneumonia.Conclusion The chest imaging findings of MPP are asso‑ciated with clinical severity, and the risk factor model constructed based on this imaging-clinical classification can assist in achieving precise hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of Huangqi jiuni decoction(HQJND) on acute liver injury in se‑verely scalded rats and its possible molecular mechanism by animal experiments and modern pharmacological tools.Methods Firstly, the rat model of sepsis was established and randomly divided into 4 groups. The normal saline group was given 1 mL of normal saline twice a day, and the traditional Chinese medicine group was given 1 mL of concentrated huangqi jiuni decoction twice a day. After 72 hours of shock, the samples were sacrificed, and then the serum liver function and(+)-haematoxylin eosin staining were performed to verify the efficacy of the drug. Sham Operation Group and sepsis group were fed normally without any special treatment. Then, network pharma‑cology was used to screen the targets of drugs and drug responses and predict the signaling pathways that might play a role in the treatment of diseases. Finally, fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was performed to detect gene expression, Western blot(WB) was performed to detect tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), P65, phosphory‑lated P65(P-P65), and immunohistochemical(IHC) were performed assays to verify drug efficacy and explore the mechanism of drug treatment.Results Serum liver function and histopathology in rats showed that HQJND signifi‑cantly improved liver function in severely burned rats. Network pharmacology screening was used to identify 353 disease-related marker genes and 286 drug targets. It was predicted that tumor necrosis/NF-NF-κB pathway(TNF/NF-NF-κB pathway) might be a key pathway for HQJND to treat acute liver injury after severe burns. The results of immunohistochemistry(IHC) showed that the staining of TNF-α in the liver of the sepsis group was more than that of the sham operation group and the traditional Chinese medicine group. The results of RT-qPCR and WB showed that the expression of TNF-α, TNFR1 and P65 proteins in the liver of rats in the sepsis group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group and the traditional Chinese medicine group; on the contrary, the ex‑pression of TNF-α, TNFR1 and P65 proteins in the liver of rats in the sepsis group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group and the traditional Chinese medicine group. The expression level of nuclear factorkappa B(IκBα) was higher in the sham operation group and the traditional Chinese medicine group, indicating that drug treatment effectively inhibited the activation of the TNF/NF-κb signaling pathway. Conclusion Animal ex‑periments and network pharmacology results confirm that HQJND has a protective effect on acute liver injury in se‑verely burned rats, which may be related to the inhibition of TNF/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Abstract:
Objective To verify the association between the Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway and rat spermato‑genesis by constructing an in vitro co-culture system of testis.Methods Testicular tissue blocks from 20-25-dayold male rats were placed in an in vitro culture system, and the culture medium was replaced every 2 to 3 days. PCR was used to verify the expression of marker genes of various spermatogenic cells. RNA interference technology was employed to verify the correlation between the Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway and rat spermatogenesis.Results The co-culture system could be continuously cultured for more than 2. 5 months in vitro. RT-PCR showed that specific marker genes of spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermoblast were expressed. The RNA and protein expression of Trib3 and Akt changed after the knocking down of Ddit3 and Trib3, respectively. It demonstrated the existence of Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway in rat spermatogenesis.Conclusion The culture time of more than 2. 5 months indicates that the culture system can temporarily maintain the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, and simultaneously maintain and stabilize spermatogenesis in a simple system. The successful validation of the Ddit3-Trib3-Akt signaling pathway also confirms that this culture system can be used to study possible molecu‑lar mechanisms of spermatogenesis in vitro.

Abstract:
Objective To explore the relationship between acne vulgaris and gut microbiota. Methods A total of 29 clinical cases diagnosed with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris and 26 healthy individuals as control subjects were recruited. Fecal specimens were collected from all participants，and further analysis of gut microbial commu- nities was performed by leveraging high-throughput sequencing techniques that target the hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA genes. Results Associations between acne vulgaris and alterations in gut microbiota were identified. At the phylum level，the relative abundance of Bacteroidota exhibited a statistically significant elevation in the acne vulgaris cohort when compared with the healthy control group（P<0. 01）， while Cyanobacteria was signifi- cantly lower in the acne group（P<0. 01）. At the genus level，the top five different bacterial taxa in both groups were Bacteroides，Escherichia ⁃ Shigella，Klebsiella，Roseburia，and Parabacteroides. Among them，Bacteroides， Roseburia，and Parabacteroides were more abundant in acne patients. Linear discriminant analysis identified five biomarkers all belonging to the Bacteroidota phylum in the acne and control groups. These biomarkers belong to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Conclusion There are significant differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota be- tween acne patients and healthy people. Changes in the richness of specific bacterial genera may become new tar- gets for the diagnosis and treatment of acne.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia-treated mesenchymal stem cell(MSCs) exosomes(Exo) and their loading with curcumin on microglial inflammatory responses, and to explore the enhancing effect of hypoxia treatment on the function of MSCs Exo.Methods The supernatants of human umbilical cord(hUC)-MSCs cultured under normal and hypoxic conditions were collected, and Exo were isolated using ultracentrifugation. Af‑ter identification by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot, curcumin was loaded using the coincubation method. The lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial inflammation model was treated with di‑methyl sulfoxide(DMSO), curcumin, normoxia Exo, hypoxia Exo, normoxic Exo loaded with curcumin, and hy‑poxic Exo loaded with curcumin, respectively. The expression of the M1-type marker inducible nitric oxide syn‑thase(iNOS) in BV2 cells was detected by immunofluorescence(IF). Western blot and enzyme-linked immuno‑sorbent assay(ELISA) were used to measure the expression and secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and IL-6 in the cells and their culture supernatants.Results Normoxia Exo, hypoxia Exo, normoxic Exo loaded with curcumin, and hypoxic Exo loaded with curcumin exhibited a "saucer-like" shape with a diameter ranging from 30～150 nm, and the expression of exosomal markers CD9, CD81, and TSG101 were positive. After treating the BV2 cell inflammation model, IF results showed that, compared with the normoxia Exo group, treatment with hypoxic Exo significantly reduced the expression of iNOS. Moreover, when compared with the curcumin group and the normoxic Exo loaded with curcumin group, the expression level of iNOS significantly decreased after treatment with hypoxic Exo loaded with curcumin. The results of Western blot and ELISA indicated that, in comparison with the normoxia Exo group, treatment with hypoxic Exo significantly reduced the expression and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, when compared with the cur‑cumin group and the normoxic Exo loaded with curcumin group, both the expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 significantly decreased after treatment with hypoxic Exo loaded with curcumin.Conclusion Hypoxia preconditioning can enhance the ability of hUC-MSCs-Exo in the inhibition of microglial polarization and inflamma‑tory factors' secretion. Additionally, using Hypoxia-MSCs-Exo as a drug-delivery carrier of curcumin can improve its solubility and stability, facilitating its absorption by cells and exerting the therapeutic effect of combination therapy.

Abstract:
Objective To establish an in vitro culture model of rat corpora cavernous smooth muscle cells(CC‑SMCs) using a modified tissue block adherence method.Methods Corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tissue was digested with collagenase type I and subsequently cultured using an adherent method. Cells were purified via differ-ential adhesion and identified through immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results CCSMCs began to emerge from the tissue block after 3 days, increased significantly by day 7, and converged by day 12. Postpassage, CCSMCs exhibited strong proliferation and a “peak-to-valley” phenomenon. After purification, the cells tested positive for α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), confirming the successful establishment of the in vitro culture model.Conclusion The modified tissue block adherence method is a cost-effective and efficient way to obtain high-purity CCSMCs.

Abstract:
Objective To establish a tumor prognostic risk assessment model related to target genes of the miR-34 family.Methods Target genes of the miR-34 family were screened, and the scores of miR-34 target genes were as‑sessed in 16 tumor types. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the tumor type with the strongest correlation between miR-34 target gene scores and overall survival(OS). Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclo‑pedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analyses were performed to elucidate the functional roles and signaling path‑ways of miR-34 target genes. A prognostic risk model based on the miR-34 target genes was constructed using uni‑variate Cox and LASSO regression analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR) and dual-luciferase reporter as‑says were conducted to validate whether the target genes bind to miR-34 and measure their RNA expression levels in the relevant tumors. Additionally, the risk score was integrated with other clinical indicators to develop a nomo‑gram prediction model for patient survival.Results A total of 65 target genes of the miR-34 family were screened. The cancer type exhibiting stronger correlation between the target gene scores and OS was lung adenocarcinoma(P = 0. 003, HR= 5. 150). Furthermore, miR-34 target genes were predominantly enriched in oxidative stress pathways and various tumor-related processes. Three genes, LDHA, GALNT7, and SATB2, were identified as core components of the prognostic analysis model for lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the constructed nomogram model demonstrated robust predictive performance.Conclusion The risk model and prognosis model of lung ad‑enocarcinoma constructed based on the key target genes of miR-34 have good predictive performance.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on copper metabolism in the kid- neys of mice. Methods A total of 80 7-8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into four groups of 20 mice in each group after one week of adaptation，including Control group，Cu group，TgCtwh6 group and Cu+ TgCtwh6 group. Mice that were not infected and fed with normal diet and water were used as the Control group； Mice fed with 1 g/kg of copper chloride processing diet and 0. 1% copper chloride water for 60 consecutive days were used as Cu group；Mice infected with 25-30 TgCtwh6 cysts（one of the predominant genotype Chinese 1 in China）fed with normal diet and water were used as the TgCtwh6 group；mice infected with 25-30 TgCtwh6 cysts and fed with a processed diet containing 1 g/kg of copper chloride and water with 0. 1% copper chloride for 60 con- secutive days were used as the Cu+TgCtwh6 group. ICP-MS was used to determine the changes in copper content in kidney tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the pathological changes of mouse kidney tis- sue. The number of apoptotic cells was observed by PI staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expres- sion levels of glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4）and superoxide dismutase（SOD1，SOD2）. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of cuproptosis-related genes. Results Pathological manifestations such as inflamma- tory cell infiltration in the Cu group and TgCtwh6 group were seen under the microscope，and the inflammatory in- filtrating cells of the renal interstitial were reduced in the Cu+TgCtwh6 group，and the pathological manifestations of glomerular tubular structure were improved. The number of apoptotic cells in the Cu+TgCtwh6 group（88. 36± 19）was lower than that in the Cu group（119. 0±20）. Compared with the Cu+TgCtwh6 group，the expression of SOD1 protein was down-regulated，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0. 05）. TgCtwh6 infection could restore the down-regulation of renal glutaminase（GLS）expression and the up-regulation of ATPase copper transporting beta gene（ATP7B）expression caused by copper overload. Conclusion Toxoplasma gondii infection can interfere with the copper metabolism pathway in the kidney of mice，improve the kidney damage caused by cop- per overload，and provide new clues for the treatment of copper overload disease.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the role of calcium-binding protein S100A2 in colorectal cancer(CRC) pro‑gression and its association with fructose metabolism in CRC cells.Methods Differential expression of S100A2 be‑tween CRC patients and healthy individuals was analyzed using the GEPIA2 tumor database. Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to compare S100A2 expression levels in CRC cell lines(HCT116, SW480, Caco-2) and normal human colonic epithelial cells(NCM460). Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to assess S100A2 expression in CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. S100A2-knockdown stable CRC cell lines and negative control cell lines were established via lentiviral transduction. Functional assays, including CCK-8, wound healing and Transwell experiments were utilized to evaluate the effects of S100A2 downregulation on CRC cell prolifera‑tion, migration, and invasion. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were employed to analyze the impact of S100A2 knockdown on the expression levels of fructose transporter 5(GLUT5) and ketohexokinase(KHK). In‑tracellular fructose concentration was measured using a fructose assay kit. A nude mouse CRC xenograft model was established using S100A2-knockdown HCT116 cell lines to investigate the role of S100A2 in tumor proliferation in vivo. Tumor tissues from the xenografted mice were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate the expression levels of GLUT5 and KHK.Results S100A2 expression was significantly elevated in CRC patients compared with healthy individuals. All three CRC cell lines exhibited markedly higher S100A2 expression than normal colonic epithelial cells. S100A2 knockdown significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities. Downregulation of S100A2 suppressed the expression of fructose metabolism-related pro‑teins GLUT5 and KHK, accompanied by reduced cellular fructose uptake. In vivo experiments demonstrated that S100A2 knockdown effectively inhibited tumor growth and decreased GLUT5/KHK expression in xenograft tissues.Conclusion Downregulation of S100A2 inhibits CRC progression by modulating fructose metabolism in CRC cells.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate somatization symptoms in adolescents during frequent earthquakes in Hefei， and to explore their correlation with earthquake experiences. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to select 324 adolescents in Hefei as the survey objects. The self-rating scale of somatization symptoms（SSS）and the fa- tigue intensity scale（FIS）were used to evaluate the somatization symptoms and fatigue degree of middle school stu- dents，and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related factors of somatization symp - toms and fatigue among middle school students. Results A total of 324 adolescents were included，and the overall detection rate of somatization symptoms was 6. 5% ，and the detection rate of moderate or above fatigue was 20. 1%. The results of regression analysis showed that adolescents who were concerned about the earthquake for a longer time (≥1 h）had a higher risk of somatization symptoms（OR=5. 430，95%CI：1. 547-19. 058），and adoles- cents who received pre-earthquake training had a lower degree of fatigue（OR=0. 535，95%CI：0. 292-0. 981）（P< 0. 05）. Conclusion During the frequent earthquakes，adolescents have more somatization symptoms and fatigue. Therefore，it is crucial to enhance health education，reduce the emphasis on event-related reports，and implement earthquake prevention and disaster reduction training to improve the physical and mental health of adolescents.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR）， platelet-to- lymphocyte ratio（PLR）， systemic immune-inflammation index（SII）and the severity of intrauterine adhesions （IUA）. Methods　The retrospective study included 380 patients who underwent transcervical resection of adhesions （TCRA） from December 2019 to March 2025. Based on the American Fertility Society （AFS） classification， patients were divided into mild （n=61）， moderate （n=225）， and severe （n=94） groups. NLR， PLR， and SII were calculated from preoperative blood tests. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis test and ordinal Logistic regression.Results　NLR， PLR， and SII were significantly higher in the severe IUA group compared to the mild group （P<0.05）， with SII showing the strongest predictive ability （OR=1.004， P=0.001）. The number of intrauterine procedures was an independent risk factor （OR=1.27/level， P=0.016）. The predictive model ［Logit（P）=-0.676+0.241×operation times+0.004×SII］ effectively identified severe IUA cases.Conclusion　Inflammatory markers （particularly SII） are correlated with IUA severity and may serve as non-invasive tools for clinical assessment.

Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive technology(ART) in women with a history of thyroid cancer who retained fertility intentions after completing cancer treatment.Methods A ret‑rospective analysis was performed on 61 patients with a history of thyroid cancer who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET). These patients were included as the case group. A total of 122 non-cancer patients who received ART during the same period were selected as the con‑trol group using 1∶2 matching based on age and oocyte retrieval time. Baseline characteristics, outcomes of the first ART cycle, and cumulative pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the basic data, the total amount of gonadotropin(Gn) and the days of use between the case group and the control group(P>0. 05). However, the case group had significantly fewer retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes(MII), lower fertilization and cleavage rates, and fewer transferable and high-quality embryos, as well as fewer embryos transferred during the first cycle(P 0. 05). In the analy‑sis of cumulative outcomes, the two groups did not show statistically significant differences in the cumulative preg‑nancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate per transfer cycle, the number of oocyte retrieval cycles required per live birth, the number of embryo transfer cycles required per live birth, and the number of embryos used for each live birth(P>0. 05). However, the cumulative live birth rate was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group(P=0. 005).Conclusion After treatment for thyroid cancer, when ART is used to help pregnant women, the pregnancy outcome is comparable to that of women without tumors. Individualized reproductive management and timely fertility preservation strategies are recommended to optimize reproductive outcomes in this population.

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the characteristics of gray matter structure and clinical symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease（AD）comorbid with apathy（AD-A）. Methods The study included 30 patients with AD- A，30 AD disease patients without apathy（AD without apathy，AD-NA），and 30 healthy controls（HCs）matched in gender，age，and years of education. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assess- ment and magnetic resonance imaging（ MRI ）scans. Voxel-based morphometry（ VBM ）was used to analyze changes in gray matter volume among the three groups. Additionally，the correlation between the identified abnor- mal brain regions and apathy scale scores was analyzed. Results There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of age，gender，years of education，or total intracranial volume. Compared with the HCs group，both the AD-A and AD-NA groups showed significantly lower scores in cognitive function（ P< 0. 001）. The AD-A group exhibited significantly higher apathy scale scores compared with the AD-NA group（P< 0. 001）. Compared with the AD-NA group，the AD-A group showed reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral caudate nucleus，left orbitofrontal cortex，lingual gyrus，inferior frontal gyrus，superior frontal gyrus，entorhinal cortex，right middle frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex（FWE-corrected，P<0. 05 for all）. Compared with the HCs group，the AD-A group exhibited reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus，left fusiform gyrus，calcarine sulcus，postcentral gyrus，right inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus（FWE- corrected，P<0. 05 for all）. Compared with the HCs group，the AD-NA group showed reduced gray matter volume in the left precuneus，inferior temporal gyrus，and right inferior temporal gyrus（FWE-corrected，P<0. 05 for all）. In the AD-A group，changes in the gray matter volume of the left caudate nucleus（r= -0. 557，P=0. 002）and right middle frontal gyrus（r=-0. 620，P=0. 001）were negatively correlated with the apathy evaluation scale （AES）scores. Conclusion Patients in the AD-A group exhibited significant atrophy in the frontal-temporal-basal ganglia circuit，and the degree of gray matter atrophy was correlated with the severity of apathy.

Abstract:
Objective To explore the relationship between negative life events and depression severity in adoles- cent patients with depressive disorder，as well as the chain mediating role of insomnia symptoms and quality of life. Methods 374 outpatient patients and hospitalized patients with adolescent depressive disorders were enrolled. The Adolescent Life Event Scale（ASLEC）， the Insomnia Severity Index（ISI）， the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Short Form（WHOQOL-BREF）， and the Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale （CES-D）were used to evaluate the negative life event situation，insomnia symptoms，quality of life level and de- pression severity of the subjects，respectively. In addition，the PROCESS 4. 0 macroprogram was used to analyze the chain mediating effect of insomnia symptoms and quality of life between negative life events and depression se - verity in patients with adolescent depressive disorder. Results The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between negative life events and insomnia symptoms，quality of life，and depression severity（all P<0. 05）. In addition，the results of chain mediation showed that negative life events had a significant direct effect on depression severity，with an effect size of 0. 12（P<0. 001）. Insomnia symptoms and quality of life played a mediating role in the relationship between negative life events and depression severity in patients with ado - lescent depressive disorders，with indirect effect sizes of 0. 062（95%CI：0. 040-0. 087）and 0. 091（95%CI： 0. 059-0. 123）， respectively. It could also play a chain mediation role，and the effect size was 0. 039（95%CI： 0. 024-0. 057）. Conclusion Negative life events experienced by patients with adolescent depressive disorder not only directly affect the severity of depressive symptoms，but may also indirectly exacerbate depression through in- somnia symptoms and quality of life.

Abstract:
Objective To systematically evaluate the association between serum indirect bilirubin（IBIL）levels and the risk of stroke incidence in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic（CKM ）syndrome stages 0-3. Methods A total of 48 301 participants with CKM syndrome stages 0-3 were included，during which 2 904 stroke events were recorded. A prospective cohort study design was employed. Cox proportional hazards regression mod- els were used to analyze the relationship between IBIL and stroke risk，and restricted cubic spline（RCS）regres- sion was applied to examine the dose-response relationship. Threshold effect analysis was conducted to identify po- tential inflection points in nonlinear relationships. Results Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that in the overall population，each 1 μmol/L increase in IBIL level was associated with approximately a 1. 2% reduction in stroke risk（HR = 0. 988，95% CI：0. 979-0. 996，P < 0. 05）. A significant interaction was observed between IBIL and CKM stages in relation to stroke risk（Pinteraction < 0. 05）. In individuals with stages 0–2 of CKM syndrome， higher IBIL levels showed a significant inverse association with stroke risk（Ptrend < 0. 05）；however，no such asso- ciation was observed in stage 3 patients. RCS regression and threshold effect analysis further revealed a nonlinear relationship between IBIL levels and stroke risk in stage 3 CKM patients（PLog-likelihood ratio < 0. 05）. When serum IBIL exceeded 10. 980 μmol/L，each 1 μmol/L increase was associated with approximately 5. 7% increase in stroke risk （HR = 1. 057，95% CI：1. 009-1. 107，P < 0. 05）. Conclusion The correlation between serum IBIL and stroke varies across different stages of CKM syndrome，showing a significant negative association in individuals at stages 0–2，while in stage 3 patients，it exhibits a threshold effect with an inflection point at 10. 980 μmol/L.

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the long-term trend of incidence and mortality of type 2 diabetic kidney disease(DKD) in China from 1990 to 2021.Methods The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the average an‑nual percentage change(AAPC) of standardized incidence rate and standardized mortality rate, and the ageperiod-cohort(APC) model was constructed to analyze the longitudinal age change, period and cohort effect risk ra‑tio(RR).Results From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rate of type 2 DKD in males and females showed an overall upward trend, with AAPC of 0. 08% and 0. 36%, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate of the total population and female showed a downward trend, with AAPC of-0. 61% and-1. 03%, respec‑tively. However, there was no significant difference in males. APC model showed that the age effect existed: the peak age was 75-79 years old, the mortality rate of females increased, and the mortality rate of males decreased af‑ter 80-84 years old. For the effect of time period, the risk of type 2 DKD incidence in females in 2017—2021 was 1. 05 times that in 2002—2006, and the risk of death in males and females in 2017—2021 was 0. 84 and 0. 71 times that in 2002—2006, respectively. For cohort effects, the highest risk of disease was seen in men and women born in 1967—1971, and the highest risk of death was seen in men born in 1952—1956 and women born in 1912—1916.Conclusion From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rate of type 2 DKD in China shows an upward trend, and the standardized mortality rate shows a downward trend. It is necessary to strengthen the health behav‑ior publicity and education of type 2 DKD, and actively carry out early screening to reduce the disease burden.