〔Abstract〕 Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) are increasingly becoming major challenges to global public health. The pathogenesis of these diseases is highly complex, with oxidative damage and ferroptosis emerging as potential core factors. Oxidative damage primarily results from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, a process that impairs cellular function and viability. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, plays a crucial role in neuronal injury and apoptosis. Multiple studies indicate a significant interaction between oxidative damage and ferroptosis. This interplay not only accelerates the progression of neurodegenerative diseases but also offers new directions for potential therapeutic targets. This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms of oxidative damage and ferroptosis in various neurodegenerative diseases, evaluates current research frontiers, and explores feasible therapeutic strategies, aiming to provide new insights and perspectives for in-depth research in this field.