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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">16 V073 尤峻柏</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）04–0606–07</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R332.2</subject><subject>R322.3</subject><subject>R563.9</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>RUNX3通过调控FAP对小鼠肺原代成纤维细胞增殖的影响</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RUNX3 regulates FAP to influence the proliferation of mouse lung primary fibroblasts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>尤</surname><given-names>峻柏</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>You</surname><given-names>Junbo</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>汪</surname><given-names>先晨</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Xianchen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>凌</surname><given-names>辉</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ling</surname><given-names>Hui</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>范</surname><given-names>家好</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fan</surname><given-names>Jiahao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>陈</surname><given-names>齐</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Qi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>陶</surname><given-names>辉</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tao</surname><given-names>Hui</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>沙</surname><given-names>纪名</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sha</surname><given-names>Jiming</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>安徽医科大学第二附属医院，胸外科</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Dept of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University， Hefei</institution>　<postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>安徽医科大学第二附属医院，麻醉与围手术期医学科</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Dept of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University， Hefei</institution>　<postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Sha Jiming</named-content>， E-mail： <email>shajiming@vip.163.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">尤峻柏</named-content>，男，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">沙纪名</named-content>，男，博士，副主任医师，硕士生导师，通信作者，E-mail：<email>shajiming@vip.163.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-11T13：54：07"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>606</fpage><lpage>611</lpage><page-range>606-611</page-range>  <history><date date-type="received">        <day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探讨Runt相关转录因子3（RUNX3）在转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β<sub>1</sub>）诱导的小鼠肺原代成纤维细胞（PFs）活化中的作用，以及其对成纤维细胞激活蛋白（FAP）表达、细胞增殖与胶原合成的影响。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>从C57BL/6小鼠中分离并培养PFs，利用小干扰RNA（siRNA）技术构建<italic>RUNX3</italic>基因沉默模型，并将细胞分为空白对照组（Control组）、TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组（TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组）、阴性对照组（TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC组）及RUNX3沉默组（TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+si-RUNX3组），并在TGF-β1刺激基础上进行RUNX3过表达回复实验。采用蛋白质印迹（Western blot）和实时荧光定量逆转录PCR（RT-qPCR）检测RUNX3、FAP及Ⅰ型胶原（COL1A1）的表达；以CCK-8和EdU评估细胞增殖；免疫荧光双标观察COL1A1与FAP的表达。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>与Control组相比，TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组PFs中RUNX3、FAP及COL1A1的表达上调（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。CCK-8实验显示，与阴性对照组比较，RUNX3沉默组吸光度值下降（<italic>P</italic> &lt;0.01）；EdU实验显示，与阴性对照组比较，RUNX3沉默组的EdU阳性细胞率降低（<italic>P</italic> &lt;0.01）。免疫荧光双标染色显示，与阴性对照组比较，RUNX3沉默组COL1A1与FAP的荧光强度减弱；在RUNX3过表达回复实验中，上述荧光信号出现回升（<italic>P</italic> &lt;0.01）。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>RUNX3在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>诱导下刺激PFs细胞活化，可能通过正向调控FAP表达促进细胞增殖与胶原合成。靶向干预RUNX3/FAP轴为肺纤维化治疗提供潜在策略。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the role of runt-related transcription factor 3 （RUNX3） in transforming growth factor-β<sub>1</sub> （TGF-β<sub>1</sub>）-induced activation of mouse primary pulmonary fibroblasts （PFs）， and its effects on fibroblast activation protein （FAP） expression， cell proliferation， and collagen synthesis.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>PFs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and cultured. A <italic>RUNX3 </italic>knockdown model was established using small interfering RNA （siRNA）. Cells were assigned to the control group （Control）， TGF-β<sub>1</sub>-treated group （TGF-β<sub>1</sub>）， negative control group （TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC）， and RUNX3-silenced group （TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+si-RUNX3）. In addition， a RUNX3 overexpression rescue experiment was performed based on TGF-β<sub>1 </sub>stimulation. Protein and mRNA levels of RUNX3， FAP， and typeⅠcollagen （COL1A1） were measured by Western blot and reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR （RT-qPCR）. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and EdU assays. Co-expression of COL1A1 and FAP was examined by double immunofluorescence staining.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared with the Control group， RUNX3， FAP， and COL1A1 expression levels were upregulated in PFs in the TGF-β<sub>1</sub> group （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）. The CCK-8 assay showed that the absorbance value was reduced in the RUNX3 knockdown group compared with the negative control group （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）. Consistently， the EdU assay demonstrated a lower proportion of EdU-positive cells in the RUNX3 knockdown group than in the negative control group （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）. Immunofluorescence double staining revealed decreased fluorescence intensities of COL1A1 and FAP in the RUNX3 knockdown group relative to the negative control. Under RUNX3 overexpression conditions， these fluorescence signals exhibited a partial rebound （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>RUNX3 in TGF-β1-induced PFs may promote cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by positively regulating FAP expression. Targeting the RUNX3/FAP axis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>RUNX3</kwd><kwd>肺成纤维细胞</kwd><kwd>FAP</kwd><kwd>细胞增殖</kwd><kwd>肺纤维化</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>RUNX3</kwd><kwd>primary pulmonary fibroblasts</kwd><kwd>fibroblast activation protein</kwd><kwd>proliferation</kwd><kwd>pulmonary fibrosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省高校自然科学研究项目</funding-source><award-id>2023AH040376</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>安徽省高校自然科学研究项目（编号：2023AH040376）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Fund program  Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee</funding-source><award-id>2023AH040376</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Fund program  Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee （No. 2023AH040376）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="4"/><table-count count="0"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="15"/><page-count count="6"/><word-count count="14024"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25070</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-28T13:06:30</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>特发性肺纤维化（idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis，IPF）是一种病因未明的慢性进行性间质性肺疾病，以肺成纤维细胞异常增殖/活化及细胞外基质过度沉积为主要病理特征，最终导致肺结构破坏和功能衰竭<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。尽管吡非尼酮与尼达尼布可延缓疾病进展，IPF总体预后仍不理想，亟需进一步阐明关键分子机制以探索新的干预靶点<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>肺成纤维细胞活化并向肌成纤维细胞表型转化是IPF进展的核心环节<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。除传统标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin，α-SMA）外，成纤维细胞激活蛋白（fibroblast activation protein，FAP）被认为具有更高特异性，且与多器官纤维化过程密切相关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>。Runt相关转录因子（Runt-related transcription factor，RUNX）家族成员RUNX3可参与细胞分化、增殖与凋亡等过程<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>，并被报道为转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）信号通路下游关键分子，在肝、肾纤维化中发挥作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>；其在肺纤维化中是否与FAP相关并影响肺成纤维细胞功能仍待明确。该研究聚焦RUNX3，结合siRNA敲低与过表达回复实验，观察RUNX3与FAP及纤维化相关表型/基因表达的变化，为理解IPF分子机制提供实验依据。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>实验动物</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">选用20只雄性SPF级C57BL/6小鼠，由安徽医科大学第二附属医院实验动物中心提供。所有小鼠均饲养于标准实验动物设施内，环境条件符合实验动物饲养管理规范，以确保其健康状况满足后续研究需求。本研究方案经安徽医科大学实验动物伦理委员会审批通过（编号：LLSC 20231701）。</p></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>实验试剂及仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">兔抗RUNX3多克隆抗体（货号：27099-1-AP）、兔抗FAP多克隆抗体（货号：27596-1-AP）及兔抗Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（typeⅠcollagen，CollagenⅠ）多克隆抗体（货号：14695-1-AP）、FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG（货号：SA00003-2）与Cy3标记的羊抗兔IgG（货号：SA00009-2）均购自武汉Proteintech公司；小鼠抗β-actin单克隆抗体（货号：3700）购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司；TGF-β<sub>1</sub>购自美国PeproTech公司；siRNA-RUNX3及阴性对照siRNA（si-NC）由上海吉玛公司合成；RUNX3过表达质粒（pCMV-RUNX3）及空载质粒（pCMV）购自武汉淼灵生物科技有限公司；Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂、TRIzol试剂均购自美国Invitrogen公司；CCK-8试剂盒购自合肥Biosharp公司；5-乙炔基-2′-脱氧尿苷（5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine，EdU）细胞增殖检测试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司；实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction，RT-qPCR）试剂盒购自湖南艾克瑞生物工程有限公司；细胞培养试剂（包括培养基、血清等）购自美国Gibco公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>肺原代成纤维细胞（primary fibroblasts，PFs）的分离、培养与鉴定</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取1~3 d新生的乳鼠，所有乳鼠通过吸入异氟烷（4%浓度诱导麻醉，1.5%~2.0%维持）进行麻醉，并通过足部夹捏反射消失确认麻醉深度。随后采用颈椎脱臼法实施安乐死。随后将乳鼠置于75%乙醇中浸泡30 s，以达到消毒目的，再将其放置于细胞超净工作台上。通过暴露胸腔并在右心室注入预冷的磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS），对肺组织进行灌流处理。灌流后的肺组织被取出并剪碎成直径约1 mm的小块，随后用PBS洗涤3次以清除残留血液和细胞碎片。接下来，将处理好的组织块加入到离心管中，并加入5 mL预先配制好的消化液（该消化液由0.25%的胰蛋白酶、0.2%的Ⅱ型胶原酶和培养基质按2∶2∶1的比例混合而成）。将离心管放入37 ℃水浴消化30 min。消化过程结束后，加入3 μL完全培养基以终止消化反应，并通过低温离心机以200 r/min的速度离心6 min。离心后，将上清液转移到新的离心管中。首先对组织糜进行了过滤，随后重复执行了先前的消化过程2~3次，以确保细胞的充分释放。在完成所有的消化步骤之后，将所得的上清液合并以便于后续操作。依据既定的离心参数，舍弃上清液，进而使用1 mL的培养基对细胞进行重悬，并将培养基的体积补充至4 μL。将细胞悬液转移至培养箱初步培养5 h后，更换新鲜培养液。通过评估细胞沉降的速度以及它们贴壁的能力，结合细胞形态学的观察，最终确认所提取的细胞为PFs。</p></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>细胞处理与实验分组</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用含TGF-β<sub>1</sub>（5 ng/mL）的无血清培养基刺激PFs 24 h，建立体外纤维化细胞模型。随后细胞分为4组：空白对照组（Control组），使用不含TGF-β<sub>1</sub>的完全培养基培养；TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组，使用含5 ng/mL TGF-β<sub>1</sub>的无血清培养基处理24 h；阴性对照转染组（TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC组），在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激基础上，转染阴性对照siRNA；RUNX3沉默组（TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+si-RUNX3组），在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激基础上，转染靶向RUNX3的siRNA。为进一步验证RUNX3在该模型中的作用，进行过表达回复实验，RUNX3过表达回复实验分为2组：TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV组，在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激基础上，转染空载质粒pCMV；TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV-RUNX3组，在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激基础上，转染RUNX3过表达质粒pCMV-RUNX3。所有转染实验采用Lipofectamine 3000试剂，转染后48 h收集细胞进行后续检测。</p></sec><sec id="s1e"><label>1.5</label><title>检测指标与方法</title><sec id="s1e1"><label>1.5.1</label><title>细胞模型的建立</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">PFs在37 ℃、5%CO<sub>2</sub>恒温培养箱中培养，常规使用完全培养基维持生长，待细胞生长状态良好且细胞密度达约70%~80%，将细胞更换为无血清培养基并加入TGF-β<sub>1</sub>（5 ng/mL）刺激24 h。在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激基础上，采用Lipofectamine 3000按说明书配制转染复合物，分别转染阴性对照siRNA（siRNA-NC）、靶向<italic>RUNX3</italic>的siRNA（si-RUNX3）、空载质粒pCMV及RUNX3过表达质粒pCMV-RUNX3。转染完成后继续培养，转染后48 h收集细胞用于后续检测。</p></sec><sec id="s1e2"><label>1.5.2</label><title>Western blot检测蛋白表达</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">PFs经过分组处理后，向每瓶加入150 μL的RIPA+PMSF裂解液，每孔加入100 μL。随后，将细胞置于4 ℃环境下进行慢速振荡30 min以实现细胞裂解，并将裂解后的细胞收集于离心管中。利用低温离心机对细胞进行离心处理并重新悬浮细胞，然后采用BCA法测定蛋白浓度。接下来，通过SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳方法对蛋白进行分离。电泳完成后，将凝胶上的蛋白转移到PVDF膜上，转移过程采用200 mA，转移时间按蛋白分子量估算（约1 min/ku）进行。转膜完成后，使用5%脱脂牛奶对膜进行封闭处理2 h，并用TBST洗涤膜3次。之后，在4 ℃冰箱中与相应的一抗进行慢速振荡孵育过夜，时间为12~14 h。孵育完成后，用TBST洗涤膜3次，然后在室温下放上慢速摇床孵育二抗2 h。随后再用TBST洗涤3次，10 min/次，并在凝胶成像仪上进行显影。为确保实验数据的准确性和可重复性，整个实验重复进行了3次以验证结果的一致性。</p></sec><sec id="s1e3"><label>1.5.3</label><title>RT-qPCR检测mRNA表达</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">从细胞或组织样本中提取RNA，并验证RNA的质量和浓度；利用逆转录酶将提取的RNA逆转录为cDNA；设计特异性引物，用于扩增目标基因和内参基因；配制实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（quantitative polymerase chain reaction，qPCR）混合物，包括cDNA模板、特异性引物、荧光染料和qPCR主混合物；设置qPCR循环参数，包括预变性、变性、退火和延伸步骤；运行qPCR循环，并在每个循环后测量荧光信号；分析扩增曲线和熔解曲线，验证PCR产物的特异性；采用内参基因进行标准化，计算目标基因的相对表达量。</p></sec><sec id="s1e4"><label>1.5.4</label><title>细胞增殖检测</title><sec id="s1e4a"><label>1.5.4.1</label><title>CCK-8法</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将细胞以5×10³个/孔的密度接种于96孔板，分组处理。分别于处理24、48、72 h后，每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂，继续孵育2 h。用酶标仪在450 nm波长处测定吸光度（absorbance， <italic>A</italic>）值。</p></sec><sec id="s1e4b"><label>1.5.4.2</label><title>EdU染色法</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将细胞接种于24孔板中的细胞爬片上，分组处理。按试剂盒说明书，每孔加入含EdU的培养基孵育2 h。固定、透化后，进行Click-iT反应检测EdU掺入，并用Hoechst 33342染核。荧光显微镜下观察拍照，随机选取5个视野计算EdU阳性细胞百分比。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1e5"><label>1.5.5</label><title>免疫荧光双标染色检测COL1A1与FAP的共表达</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将细胞接种于24孔板的细胞爬片上，分组处理。细胞经4%多聚甲醛固定15 min，0.5%Triton X-100通透10 min，5%BSA封闭1 h。随后，加入兔抗COL1A1一抗（1∶200）和兔抗FAP一抗（1∶200）的混合液，4 ℃孵育过夜。PBS洗涤后，加入FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG（1∶200）和Cy3标记的羊抗兔IgG（1∶200）的混合液，室温避光孵育1 h。PBS洗涤后，用DAPI染核5 min。封片后于荧光显微镜下观察。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1f"><label>1.6</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">收集的数据在GraphPad Prism 8.0中进行统计分析。组间差异的比较，采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）结合Tukey多重比较检验。所有实验均设置至少3个生物学重复，以<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title><italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默对TGF-<bold>β</bold><sub>1</sub>诱导的PFs中FAP及COL1A1表达的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">Western blot与RT-qPCR结果显示（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>），与Control组相比，TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组中RUNX3、FAP及COL1A1的蛋白和mRNA表达水平上调（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01或<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激下，与阴性对照组相比，RUNX3沉默组RUNX3、FAP和COL1A1的表达降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001或<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。此结果提示，RUNX3可能上调了FAP和COL1A1的表达。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.001.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title><italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默对TGF-<bold>β</bold><sub>1</sub>诱导的FAP及COL1A1表达的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>The effects of <italic>RUNX3</italic> silencing on TGF-<bold>β</bold><sub>1</sub>-induced FAP and COL1A1 expression</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Western blot analysis of RUNX3， FAP， and COL1A1 protein expression levels in Control group， TGF-β<sub>1</sub> group， TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC and TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+si-RUNX3 group and corresponding quantification； B： RT-qPCR analysis of relative mRNA expression levels of <italic>RUNX3</italic>， <italic>FAP</italic>， and<italic> COL1A1</italic> in each group； β-actin was used as the internal control； a： Control group； b： TGF-β<sub>1 </sub>group； c： TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC group； d： TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+si-RUNX3 group； <italic><sup>**</sup>P&lt;</italic>0.01，<sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs </italic>Control group；<italic> </italic><sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs </italic>TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC<italic> </italic>group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="79.37500000" height="94.89722443"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="79.37500000" height="94.89722443"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="79.37500000" height="94.89722443"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title><italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默对肺成纤维细胞增殖能力的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">CCK-8实验显示，与Control组相比，TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组细胞在450 nm处的吸光度值升高（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）；而在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激基础上，RUNX3沉默组的吸光度值较阴性对照组降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。EdU染色结果显示，与Control组比较，TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组的EdU阳性细胞率升高（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），表明细胞处于活跃的增殖状态。而在<italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默后，与阴性对照组相比，RUNX3沉默组EdU阳性细胞率降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），进一步在单细胞水平证实了RUNX3对肺成纤维的增殖作用。见图2。</p></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title><italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默对COL1A1与FAP共表达水平的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">免疫荧光双标染色结果显示：Control组COL1A1（红色）与FAP（绿色）的荧光信号较弱，经TGF-β<sub>1</sub>刺激后，COL1A1（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）与FAP（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）的荧光强度均增强；然而，在<italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默后，RUNX3沉默组COL1A1与FAP的荧光强度均较TGF-β<sub>1</sub>组及阴性对照组减弱（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。该结果表明，<italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默可降低COL1A1和FAP各自的表达，提示RUNX3可能协同调控这两个纤维化关键蛋白的表达与分布。见图3。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.001.F002</object-id><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F002.jpg" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79997253" height="94.76390076"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79997253" height="94.76390076"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79997253" height="94.76390076"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><p specific-use="noneIndent">S-phase proliferating cells； Hoechst （blue） marks nuclei； Merge （pink） denotes EdU-positive proliferating cells； a： Control group； b： TGF-β<sub>1 </sub>group； c： TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC group； d： TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+si-RUNX3 group；<italic> </italic><sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs </italic>Control group；<italic> </italic><sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs </italic>TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+siRNA-NC<italic> </italic>group.</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.001.F003</object-id><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F003.jpg" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="94.37231445"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="94.37231445"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="94.37231445"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>RUNX3过表达回复实验及功能评估</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">功能回复实验结果所示，与TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV组比较，TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV-RUNX3组中RUNX3、FAP及COL1A1的表达水平升高（均<italic>P</italic> &lt;0.001）。EdU检测显示，与TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV组比较，TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV-RUNX3组的EdU阳性细胞率升高（<italic>P</italic> &lt;0.001）；免疫荧光双标染色结果显示，与TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV组比较，TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV-RUNX3组中COL1A1与FAP的荧光信号增强。此实验从反面证实了RUNX3增加了FAP表达及促进了细胞活化进而促进细胞增殖。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.001.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>RUNX3过表达回复实验验证其功能</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>RUNX3 overexpression rescue experiment verified its function</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Western blot analysis of the effects of RUNX3 overexpression on the protein expression of FAP and COL1A1 under TGF-β<sub>1</sub> stimulation； B： EdU staining assessing the impact of RUNX3 overexpression on cell proliferation    ×200； C： Immunofluorescence double staining evaluating the effects of RUNX3 overexpression on the expression of COL1A1 （red） and FAP （green）； DAPI （blue） was used to stain nuclei； Scale bar： 50 μm； a： TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV group； b： TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV-RUNX3 group； <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs </italic>TGF-β<sub>1</sub>+pCMV group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="168.62777710" height="100.54166412"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.62777710" height="100.54166412"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0204AA5E-4F3E-4ee2-8053-AD5FCD368C4F-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.62777710" height="100.54166412"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>本研究聚焦于转录因子RUNX3在肺纤维化细胞模型中的作用，将其与成纤维细胞激活蛋白FAP的表达调控相联系。结果显示，在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>诱导的小鼠肺原代成纤维细胞中，RUNX3的表达上调，并正向调控FAP及COL1A1的表达。功能学实验表明，沉默RUNX3能有效抑制细胞的异常增殖（CCK-8及EdU实验证实）。此外，免疫荧光双标染色揭示，<italic>RUNX3</italic>沉默降低了COL1A1与FAP的荧光强度水平。过表达回复实验则从反面验证了RUNX3在该过程中的驱动作用。以上结果表明，RUNX3可能是连接TGF-β<sub>1</sub>信号与肺成纤维细胞活化的一个重要枢纽<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>FAP作为一种Ⅱ型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶，在活化的成纤维细胞中高表达，不仅可作为细胞活化的标志物，还直接参与细胞外基质重塑、细胞迁移及生长因子信号调控<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>。本研究观察到RUNX3变化与FAP表达一致，提示RUNX3可能通过转录层面正向调控FAP，从而促进成纤维细胞活化及胶原合成。后续可通过ChIP-qPCR、双荧光素酶报告基因等实验验证RUNX3是否直接结合FAP启动子并调控其转录活性，同时结合α-SMA、FN1等标志物进一步完善活化表型评估<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>本研究仍存在局限性：目前结论主要基于体外原代细胞模型，RUNX3-FAP轴在体内肺纤维化模型中的作用仍需验证；此外，RUNX3调控FAP的直接性及其下游信号网络尚未明确。未来可在博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化模型中开展组织水平验证，并结合基因干预与药物干预探索其潜在转化价值。</p><p>综上所述，RUNX3在TGF-β<sub>1</sub>诱导下刺激PFs活化，其机制可能涉及对FAP表达的正向调控，进而驱动细胞的增殖、迁移及胶原合成过程。靶向干预RUNX3/FAP轴有望为肺纤维化的治疗提供新的分子靶点。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Lederer</surname><given-names>D J</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Martinez</surname><given-names>F J</given-names></name></person-group>. <article-title>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis</article-title>［J］. <source>N Engl J Med</source>， <year>2018</year>， 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