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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）04–0612–06</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">12 V319 刘威   </article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R373.1</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>异麦角甾苷对呼吸道合胞病毒复制过程的影响</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of isoacteoside on the replication of respiratory syncytial virus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>刘</surname><given-names>威</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Wei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>孙</surname><given-names>志阳</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Zhiyang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>曹</surname><given-names>新旺</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Xinwang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution>安徽医科大学生命科学学院细胞生物学系</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dept of Cell Biology， School of Life Sciences， Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en">Sha Jiming， E-mail： <email>shajiming@vip.163.com</email></corresp><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Cao Xinwang</named-content>， E-mail： <email>caoxw@ahmu.edu.cn</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">刘  威</named-content>，男，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">曹新旺</named-content>，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，通信作者，E-mail： <email>caoxw@ahmu.edu.cn</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-11T09：35：00"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-id>15</issue-id><fpage>612</fpage><lpage>617</lpage><page-range>612-617</page-range>  <history><date date-type="received">        <day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探究异麦角甾苷对呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）复制过程的影响及其作用机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>用RSV感染HEp-2细胞（对照组），再用异麦角甾苷处理RSV感染的细胞（异麦角甾苷处理组）。利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）技术，分析2组中RSV 融合蛋白（<italic>F</italic>）基因和基质蛋白（<italic>M</italic>）基因 mRNA水平的差异；运用病毒空斑实验测定2组病毒滴度，以评估异麦角甾苷对病毒复制的抑制作用；利用细胞转染和激光共聚焦成像实验测定形成的RSV包涵体数量，以评估异麦角甾苷在RSV复制必需的包涵体形成过程中的作用。选取18只7周龄BALB/c雌鼠，随机分为3组：未感染RSV的对照组（<italic>n</italic>=6）、RSV感染组（<italic>n</italic>=6）以及RSV感染后给予异麦角甾苷治疗组（<italic>n</italic>=6）。感染后第5天处死小鼠，取肺组织进行病理学分析，以评估异麦角甾苷对RSV感染所致小鼠肺组织损伤的疗效。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>与对照组相比，异麦角甾苷处理组RSV <italic>F</italic>基因（<italic>t</italic>=17.13， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）和<italic>M</italic>基因（<italic>t</italic>=18.22， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）mRNA水平降低，病毒滴度（<italic>t</italic>=15.32， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）下降，RSV包涵体数量降低（<italic>t</italic>=16.12， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。在RSV感染小鼠实验中，与RSV感染组相比，异麦角甾苷处理组小鼠肺部组织中炎症因子<italic>IL-4</italic> （<italic>t</italic>=14.76，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）与 <italic>IL-6</italic>（<italic>t</italic>=21.13，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）以及RSV <italic>F</italic>（<italic>t</italic>=19.52， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）与<italic>M</italic>（<italic>t</italic>=18.76， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）基因mRNA水平降低，由RSV感染引起的肺组织病理损伤减轻。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>异麦角甾苷通过阻碍RSV包涵体的形成抑制RSV复制，减轻了RSV感染诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the effect of isoacteoside on the replication process of respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） and its underlying mechanism.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>RSV-infected HEp-2 cells （control group） were treated with isoacteoside （isoacteoside-treated group）. Real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR） was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of the RSV fusion protein （<italic>F</italic>） gene and matrix protein （<italic>M</italic>） gene in both groups. Viral titers were determined by plaque assay to assess the inhibitory effect of isoacteoside on viral replication. The number of RSV inclusion bodies formed was determined using cell transfection and laser confocal imaging to evaluate the role of isoacteoside in the formation of inclusion bodies required for RSV replication. 18 seven-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups： uninfected control group （<italic>n</italic>=6）， RSV-infected group （<italic>n</italic>=6）， and RSV-infected group treated with isoacteoside （<italic>n</italic>=6）. 5 days after infection， the mice were euthanized and lung tissues were collected for pathological analysis to assess the therapeutic effects of isoacteoside on RSV-induced lung tissue injury.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared to the control group， the isoacteoside-treated group exhibited the reduced mRNA levels of the RSV <italic>F</italic> gene （<italic>t</italic>=17.13， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001） and <italic>M</italic> gene （<italic>t=</italic>18.22， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）， as well as a decrease in viral titer （<italic>t</italic>=15.32， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）. The number of inclusion bodies was also significantly reduced （<italic>t=</italic>16.12， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）. In the RSV-infected mouse experiment， compared to the RSV-infected group， the isoacteoside-treated group showed a decrease in the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-4 （<italic>t=</italic>14.76， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01） and IL-6 （<italic>t</italic>=21.13， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001） in lung tissues， as well as decreased mRNA levels of the viral load-associated genes <italic>F</italic> （<italic>t</italic>=19.52， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001） and <italic>M</italic> （<italic>t</italic>=18.76， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001） in lung tissues. Pathological damage to lung tissue caused by RSV infection was alleviated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Isoacteoside inhibits RSV replication by interfering with the formation of RSV inclusion bodies and alleviates lung tissue injury induced by RSV infection in mice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>异麦角甾苷</kwd><kwd>呼吸道合胞病毒</kwd><kwd>包涵体</kwd><kwd>F蛋白</kwd><kwd>M蛋白</kwd><kwd>炎性因子</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>RUNX3</kwd><kwd>primary pulmonary fibroblasts</kwd><kwd>fibroblast activation protein</kwd><kwd>proliferation</kwd><kwd>pulmonary fibrosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>91854120</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省转化医学研究院科研基金项目</funding-source><award-id>2023zhyx-B16</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：91854120）；安徽省转化医学研究院科研基金项目（编号：2023zhyx-B16）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Fund program Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee</funding-source><award-id>2023AH040376</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Fund programs  National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>91854120</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Research Project of Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine</funding-source><award-id>2023zhyx-B16</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Fund program Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee （No. 2023AH040376）</funding-statement><funding-statement>National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 91854120）； Research Project of Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine （No. 2023zhyx-B16）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="4"/><table-count count="0"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="13"/><page-count count="6"/><word-count count="14403"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-28T11:36:57</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus， RSV）是全球范围内引起婴幼儿、老年人及免疫功能低下者下呼吸道感染的首要病原体，每年均导致重大的公共卫生负担和经济损失<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。尽管历经数十年研究，可选择的RSV特异性治疗方案依然十分有限。利巴韦林等抗病毒药物因其疗效有限和潜在毒性而在临床应用受限，而价格高昂的帕利珠单抗等中和抗体无法用于治疗已发生的大面积感染<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。近年获批的小分子药物如瑞特沙韦，靶点单一，病毒仍有产生耐药性的潜在风险<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>。从天然产物中探寻高效、低毒抗RSV药物，仍然是当前抗RSV研究领域的重要方向。</p><p>RSV在复制和转录过程高度依赖于病毒在感染细胞内形成的特殊结构——包涵体包涵体是病毒RNA合成的“工厂”，为RSV复制和转录提供了必需的物理平台和微环境<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。干扰包涵体的形成、形态或功能，能够有效破坏病毒RNA的合成<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。异麦角甾苷是一种从多种药用植物中分离得到的二羟基苯乙醇苷类天然化合物，具有抗炎、抗氧化等生物活性<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>。然而，其对RSV的抗病毒效果尚未报道。该研究旨在系统评估异麦角甾苷对RSV复制过程的影响，并初步探究其通过“阻碍包涵体形成”这一机制来阻断RSV复制过程。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>实验材料</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">人喉表皮样癌HEp-2细胞、宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人胚胎肾上皮样HEK293细胞购自中国科学院细胞库（上海）；青链霉素（货号：15140122）、胰蛋白酶-EDTA（货号：15400054）、Lipofectamine 3000（货号：L3000015）购自美国Thermo Fisher公司；Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）（货号：c0005）购自美国TargetMol公司；异麦角甾苷（货号：HY-N0022）购自上海MedChemExpress （MCE）中国公司；TRIzol试剂（货号：15596018CN）购自美国Invitrogen公司；逆转录酶（货号：RK20433）购自武汉ABclonal公司；本文所用引物均订购于南京擎科生物。承蒙武汉大学陈明周博士惠赠质粒N-Myc和GFP-P；安徽医科大学黄升海博士惠赠RSV-A，广州实验室张琼博士惠赠RSV-A-GFP。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（型号：LSM800）购自德国蔡司公司；酶标仪（型号：Spark）购自瑞士帝肯公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>细胞培养</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">HEp-2细胞、HeLa细胞和HEK293细胞培养在含10% FBS和100 μg/mL的青链霉素的DMEM培养基中，细胞培养箱温度设定为37 ℃，CO<sub>2</sub>含量设定为5%。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>RSV感染HEp-2细胞实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将RSV感染的HEp-2细胞分为对照组和10 μmol/L异麦角甾苷处理组，每组设置3个重复。生长在24孔板中的HEp-2细胞达到90%丰度时，按感染复数为0.5进行RSV感染，然后加入异麦角甾苷。感染72 h后，收集细胞，分析异麦角甾苷对RSV复制的抑制作用。</p></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>细胞转染和激光共聚焦显微镜成像</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将质粒用Lipofectamine 3000将GFP-P和Myc-N进行共转染，6 h后加入或不加入10 μmol/L异麦角甾苷，24 h后用4%的多聚甲醛固定细胞，然后用0.1%的Triton X-100打孔，在封片前用DAPI标记细胞核，然后在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（LSM800）下成像<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>，确定异麦角甾苷对包涵体形成的影响。</p></sec><sec id="s1e"><label>1.5</label><title>实时定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR， qPCR）定量检测小鼠肺组织炎性因子以及细胞或小鼠肺组织RSV融合蛋白（fusion protein， F）基因<italic>F</italic>和基质蛋白（matrix protein， M）基因<italic>M</italic> mRNA水平</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用TRIzol试剂分别从模拟感染或RSV感染的细胞中提取总RNA，操作步骤遵循生产厂家说明书。每个样本取1 mg总RNA，采用逆转录酶进行逆转录反应，随后通过qPCR分析检测特定RNA的表达量。所示数据均为经<italic>GAPDH</italic>标准化后的目标RNA相对表达量。所用引物序列如下：人<italic>GAPDH</italic>正向引物：5′-AATCCCATCACCATCTTCCAG-3′；人<italic>GAPDH</italic>反向引物：5′-AAATGAGCCCCAGCCTTC-3′；小鼠<italic>GAPDH</italic>正向引物：5′-GATTTGACC TTAGTACAAGGAGATAA-3′；小鼠<italic>GAPDH</italic>反向引物：5′-AGA CAAGTAGACCAATGGAATAGAA-3′；RSV <italic>F</italic>正向引物：5′-AGGTGTTGGATCTGCAATCG-3′；RSV<italic> F</italic>反向引物：5′-TTTGTTCACTTCCCCTT CTAGG-3′；RSV <italic>M</italic>正向引物：5′-TTCACGAAG GCTCCACATAC-3′；RSV <italic>M</italic>反向引物：5′-TGATTG GAACATGGGCACC-3′；<italic>IL</italic>-<italic>4</italic>正向引物：5′-TTTGGC ACATCCATCTCCG-3′；<italic>IL</italic>-<italic>4</italic>反向引物：5′-CTGCTC TTCTTTCTC-3′；<italic>IL</italic>-<italic>6</italic>正向引物：5′-CACCAGCAT CAGTCCCAAGAAG-3′；<italic>IL</italic>-<italic>6</italic>反向引物：5′-TGGAG CCCACCAAGAACGA-3′。</p></sec><sec id="s1f"><label>1.6</label><title>测量半数有效浓度（half maximal effective concentration， EC<sub>50</sub>）和半数抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration， IC<sub>50</sub>）</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在96孔板中接种HEp-2细胞 （密度为6×10<sup>4</sup>细胞/mL），培养过夜。第2天分别加入0.1、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128、256 μmol/L异麦角甾苷，每个浓度处理的细胞设置3个重复，培养48 h后，除去培养基，加入100 μl CCK-8工作液，将96孔板放回培养箱内培养1 h，然后用酶标仪测定450 nm处光吸收值，将处理后的数据导入GraphPad Prism 8.0，选择非线性回归中的分析模块进行曲线拟合，从结果中可以得到IC<sub>50</sub>值。</p><p>用RSV-A-GFP病毒（MOI=0.2）感染HEp-2细胞，2 h后将培养基换为新鲜的含有10% FBS的DMEM，然后分别加入0.01、0.1、0.5、1、5、10 μmol/L异麦角甾苷，每个浓度处理组细胞设置3个重复，48 h后，测定每孔细胞GFP荧光强度，然后将数据导入GraphPad Prism 8.0，选择非线性回归中的分析模块进行曲线拟合得到EC<sub>50</sub>值。</p></sec><sec id="s1g"><label>1.7</label><title>病毒空斑实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">先将HEp-2细胞接种于24孔板中，在37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2</sub>条件下培养过夜至细胞密度达70%~80%，加入或不加入10 μmol/L异麦角甾苷进行处理。将RSV病毒原液用DMEM培养基进行10倍梯度稀释，最高稀释度至10<sup>5</sup>。取400 μL稀释液加入细胞培养孔，在37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2</sub>条件下作用2 d。随后更换为甲基纤维素覆盖层，继续在37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2</sub>条件下培养3~4 d。最后通过结晶紫染色并计算病毒滴度。</p></sec><sec id="s1h"><label>1.8</label><title>RSV感染小鼠实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将18只7周龄BALB/c雌鼠适应性饲养3~5 d后，分为正常对照组，RSV病毒感染组以及异麦角甾苷治疗组，每组6只小鼠。RSV病毒感染组和异麦角甾苷治疗组每只小鼠滴鼻感染RSV 1×10<sup>6 </sup>PFU，治疗组小鼠通过灌胃给药，异麦角甾苷使用剂量为25 mg/kg，连续给药5 d，2次/d，两次给药间隔10 h。5 d后小鼠被麻醉，处死后取出肺组织，用于测量RSV病毒载量，或制成切片进行苏木精-伊红染色，然后在显微镜下拍照并进行图像分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1i"><label>1.9</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用GraphPad Prism 8.0进行数据统计分析。所有实验数据以<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>表示。两组间差异采用<italic>t</italic>检验分析，多组间差异采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA），两两比较采用LSD-<italic>t</italic>检验，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>异麦角甾苷的EC<sub>50</sub>和IC<sub>50</sub>测定结果</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">CCK-8法检测结果显示，在测试浓度范围内，异麦角甾苷表现出较低的细胞毒性。利用表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组RSV毒株，通过监测不同浓度药物处理下细胞中荧光强度的变化，测定异麦角甾苷对病毒复制的抑制效率。根据剂量效应曲线计算，异麦角甾苷的IC<sub>50</sub>为120.7 μmol/L，而其抑制RSV复制的EC<sub>50</sub>仅为256.2 nmol/L。这一结果表明，异麦角甾苷对宿主细胞的毒性极低，且具有高效抗病毒活性。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.004.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>异麦角甾苷的EC<sub>50</sub>和IC<sub>50</sub></title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>The EC<sub>50</sub> and IC<sub>50</sub> of isoacteoside</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Cell viability curve of isoacteoside and its inhibition curve against RSV （<italic>n</italic>=3）； B： Inhibition of RSV-A-GFP replication by different concentrations of isoacteoside， scale bar： 100 μm.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="154.51667786" height="81.13888550"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.51667786" height="81.13888550"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.51667786" height="81.13888550"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>异麦角甾苷对RSV在HEp-2细胞中复制的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">qPCR分析结果显示，与对照组相比，经异麦角甾苷处理的RSV感染HEp-2细胞中，RSV <italic>F</italic>（<italic>t</italic>=17.13， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）和<italic>M</italic>基因（<italic>t</italic>=18.22， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）的mRNA水平均呈现下降。空斑实验检测结果显示，异麦角甾苷处理组细胞培养上清中的感染性病毒粒子数量低于对照组（<italic>t</italic>=15.32， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。这组数据共同证实了异麦角甾苷在体外能够有效抑制RSV的复制。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.004.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>异麦角甾苷对RSV在HEp-2细胞中复制的影响 （<italic>n</italic>=3）</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>The effects of isoacteoside on the replication of RSV in HEp-2 cells （<italic>n</italic>=3）</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： The effects of isoacteoside on the mRNA levels of RSV <italic>F </italic>and <italic>M</italic> in RSV-infected HEp-2 cell； B： The effects of isoacteoside on RSV yield；a：Control group；b：Isoacteoside group； <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Control group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="75.49445343" height="39.86388779"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="75.49445343" height="39.86388779"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="75.49445343" height="39.86388779"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>异麦角甾苷对RSV复制必需的包涵体数量的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">荧光显微镜图像表明，在对照组细胞中，GFP-P蛋白与Myc-N蛋白组装形成大量绿色荧光斑点结构，此即为典型的类包涵体结构。然而，在异麦角甾苷处理组中，此类荧光斑点结构的数量显著减少。通过对细胞中绿色荧光点状结构进行定量统计，结果表明，与对照组相比，10 μmol/L 的异麦角甾苷能够减少由N、P蛋白共表达所诱导形成的包涵体数量（<italic>t</italic>=16.12， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.004.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>异麦角甾苷对RSV复制必需的包涵体数量的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.3</label><title>The effects of isoacteoside on the number of inclusion bodies essential for RSV replication</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： The effects of isoacteoside on the formation of inclusion body， scale bar： 10 µm； B： Statistical analysis of the effects of isoacteoside on inclusion body formation， <italic>n</italic>=6， <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Control group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="146.05000305" height="63.14722443"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="146.05000305" height="63.14722443"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="146.05000305" height="63.14722443"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>异麦角甾苷对RSV感染小鼠的治疗效果</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">肺组织病理学分析显示，与未感染对照组相比，病毒感染对照组小鼠肺部呈现出典型的炎症病理变化，表现为炎性细胞浸润及肺泡间隔增厚；然而，异麦角甾苷治疗组小鼠的肺组织病理损伤得到显著缓解，其炎症程度明显减轻。qPCR检测结果显示，治疗组小鼠肺组织中RSV <italic>F</italic>（<italic>t</italic>=19.52， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）与 <italic>M</italic>基因（<italic>t</italic>=18.76， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001） 的mRNA水平相较于病毒感染对照组降低，这表明异麦角甾苷在体内同样能有效抑制病毒复制。此外，病毒感染引发了强烈的炎症反应，导致关键炎性因子<italic>IL-4、IL-6</italic> mRNA水平升高；而经异麦角甾苷治疗后，<italic>IL-4</italic> （<italic>t</italic>=14.76，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）与 <italic>IL-6</italic>（<italic>t</italic>=21.13，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）的表达下降。以上数据表明，异麦角甾苷在RSV感染的小鼠模型中能够有效抑制病毒复制、减轻肺部炎症病理损伤。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.004.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>异麦角甾苷对RSV感染小鼠的治疗效果</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>The therapeutic effect of isoacteoside on RSV-infected mice</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： HE staining of lung tissues of mice in different treatment groups， scale bar： 100 μm； B： Relative levels of RSV<italic> F </italic>mRNA， RSV <italic>M</italic> mRNA，<italic> IL-4</italic> mRNA， and <italic>IL-6</italic> mRNA in the lung tissues of mice in different treatment groups， <italic>n</italic>=6； <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Vehicle group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="167.56944275" height="38.09999847"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="167.56944275" height="38.09999847"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0B25310A-B219-48d1-8D44-FEFA7FA3EC30-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="167.56944275" height="38.09999847"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>本研究通过体内和体外实验相结合的方式，揭示了天然化合物异麦角甾苷能够有效抑制RSV的复制。研究表明异麦角甾苷能以10 μmol/L浓度有效抑制病毒基因表达和子代病毒产生，同时，在由N、P蛋白共表达构建的类包涵体最小模型中，该化合物能直接阻碍类包涵体结构的形成。由于包涵体是RSV病毒复制的核心场所，其组装被破坏将必然阻碍病毒复制与转录，因此，本实验结果揭示了异麦角甾苷抗病毒作用的核心机制在于抑制病毒包涵体的形成。</p><p>近年来，以包涵体为靶点的研究已成为抗副黏病毒领域的前沿。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>表明，RSV包涵体是由N、P、M2-1及病毒RNA通过液-液相分离动态组装而成的生物分子凝聚体，其结构与功能的完整性对病毒复制至关重要。在基于N、P蛋白共表达的类包涵体重建系统中，异麦角甾苷能有效抑制类包涵体结构的形成。因此，异麦角甾苷作用靶点可能存在于包涵体组装的核心引擎。此作用机制与近期报道<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>， <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>的通过“硬化”包涵体来抑制RSV的小分子环巴明（cyclopamine）形成了策略上的呼应与互补。环巴明通过干扰M2-1与RNA/P蛋白的相互作用，改变包涵体的物理状态以抑制其功能；而异麦角甾苷可能更上游地干预了包涵体形成的初始组装步骤。</p><p>异麦角甾苷靶向包涵体抑制RSV复制具有多重作用。首先，包涵体的正常形成是病毒复制周期中关键步骤，干扰此过程能够从源头上削弱病毒的复制和转录，这解释了本研究中异麦角甾苷为什么能够有效遏制RSV关键结构蛋白（F、M）的mRNA 水平。其次，该动物实验结果显示，异麦角甾苷治疗不仅能降低肺部病毒载量，还能显著缓解炎症损伤并抑制IL-4、IL-6等炎性因子的产生。这一方面可能是由于病毒复制被有效遏制，从而减轻了由病毒引发的过度免疫反应；另一方面，也不能排除异麦角甾苷本身具有的抗炎特性在其中发挥了协同治疗作用。与直接靶向病毒酶（如聚合酶）的传统策略相比，靶向作为一种“生物分子凝聚体”的包涵体，可能具有更高的物种特异性和更低的宿主细胞毒性风险<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>尽管本研究明确了异麦角甾苷通过阻碍包涵体形成来抑制RSV，但是，目前尚不清楚异麦角甾苷是通过影响RSV蛋白的相分离能力来发挥作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>，还是干扰了如PABP等宿主因子在包涵体次级凝集相中的功能<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。此外，异麦角甾苷如何影响包涵体核心蛋白（N、P、M2-1）间的相互作用，以及如何影响包涵体分离动力学，这一系列问题仍有待进一步研究。开展关于异麦角甾苷结构优化、衍生物筛选以及与其他抗病毒药物的联合用药研究，将有望开发出一种新型抗RSV药物。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Moline</surname><given-names>H L</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Toepfer</surname><given-names>A P</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Tannis</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Respiratory syncytial virus disease burden and nirsevimab effectiveness in young children from 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