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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）04–0618–10</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">7 V237 卢淑娴  </article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R285.5</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>基于网络药理学和细胞实验探讨肉豆蔻对动脉粥样硬化的作用机制</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Integrated network pharmacology analysis and cellular evidence reveal the mechanisms of Myristica fragrans against atherosclerosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>卢</surname><given-names>淑娴</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>Shuxian</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>周</surname><given-names>志玲</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Zhiling</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>张</surname><given-names>弋峰</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Yifeng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>余</surname><given-names>军</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Jun</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor2"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna3"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>江西中医药大学转化医学中心</institution>，<city>南昌</city>  <postal-code>330045</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Medical Translation Center， Nanchang</institution>　<postal-code>330045</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label>天普大学路易斯卡茨医学院，<city>费城</city>，<country>美国</country>  <postal-code>PA191</postal-code>40</aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University， Philadelphia， USA　PA</institution><postal-code>19140</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">卢淑娴</named-content>，女，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">张弋峰</named-content>，男，博士，副教授，通信作者，E-mail：zyf489662913 @163.com</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna3"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">余  军</named-content>，男，博士，教授，通信作者，E-mail： <email>jun.yu@temp le.edu</email></p></fn><corresp id="cor1" xml:lang="en"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Zhang Yifeng</named-content>， E-mail：<email>zyf489662913@163.com</email></corresp><corresp id="cor2" xml:lang="en"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Yu Jun</named-content>， E-mail： <email>jun.yu@temple.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-10T09：01：26"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-id>15</issue-id><fpage>618</fpage><lpage>627</lpage><page-range>618-627</page-range>  <history><date date-type="received">        <day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探讨肉豆蔻防治动脉粥样硬化（AS）的潜在作用机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>从数据库中获取肉豆蔻的主要活性成分及其与AS共有靶点；再利用ClusterProfile包和STRING数据库对共有靶点进行通路富集分析和PPI网络构建；基于Autodock工具进行关键靶基因与主要活性成分的分子对接分析；通过早期和晚期以及稳定和不稳定AS斑块的基因表达数据，验证关键靶点和主要通路在AS进展中的变化；采用Western blot和流式细胞术、YO-PRO-1/PI染色、TUNEL染色等实验验证其主要作用机制。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>通过数据库筛选得到肉豆蔻9个活性成分共作用于293个AS相关靶基因，其中8个成分共同作用于57.0%的共有靶点。基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析结果表明，肉豆蔻防治AS主要涉及氧化应激、炎症、脂代谢、流体剪切力以及细胞凋亡等通路。PPI网络揭示<italic>JUN</italic>、<italic>CASP3</italic>、<italic>MAPK3</italic>和<italic>AKT1</italic>为关键靶基因，主要参与调控细胞凋亡通路。分子对接分析表明，肉豆蔻的主要成分与上述靶基因有稳定的结合构象和较高的亲和力。整合早期和晚期及稳定和不稳定AS斑块的基因表达数据，发现白细胞凋亡通路在晚期和不稳定斑块中显著富集。细胞实验进一步证实，肉豆蔻干预可降低Cleaved-CASP3（<italic>P</italic>=0.04）和p-MAPK3（<italic>P</italic>=0.000 3）水平，上调p-AKT1（<italic>P</italic>=0.004）水平，抑制巨噬细胞凋亡。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>肉豆蔻可能通过调控氧化应激、炎症反应、脂代谢、流体剪切力以及细胞凋亡等通路干预AS进程，其中<italic>CASP3</italic>、<italic>MAPK3</italic>和<italic>AKT1</italic>为抑制巨噬细胞凋亡、发挥抗AS的重要靶点。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To explore the potential mechanisms by which Myristica fragrans prevents and treats atherosclerosis （AS）.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The major active components of Myristica fragrans and their shared targets with AS were obtained from databases. The shared targets were subjected to pathway enrichment analysis and PPI network construction using the ClusterProfile package and the STRING database. Molecular docking between key targets and major active components was performed using AutoDock. Gene expression data from early and late， as well as stable and unstable AS plaques， were used to validate changes of key targets and major pathways during AS progression. Western blot， flow cytometry， YO-PRO-1/PI staining， and TUNEL staining were applied to verify the main mechanisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Nine active components of Myristica fragrans interacted with 293 AS-related targets， among which eight components acted on an average of 57.0% of the shared targets. Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses indicated that the anti-AS effects mainly involved oxidative stress， inflammation， lipid metabolism， fluid shear stress， and apoptosis pathways. PPI network revealed<italic> JUN</italic>， <italic>CASP3</italic>， <italic>MAPK3</italic>， and <italic>AKT1</italic> as key targets mainly involved in regulating apoptosis. Molecular docking showed stable binding conformations and high affinities between major components and these targets. Integrated analysis of gene expression in early and late， as well as stable and unstable AS plaques， showed significant enrichment of leukocyte apoptosis pathways in late and unstable plaques. Cell experiments further confirmed that Myristica fragrans significantly reduced Cleaved-CASP3（<italic>P</italic>=0.04）and p-MAPK3（<italic>P</italic>=0.000 3）levels， increased p-AKT1（<italic>P</italic>=0.004）levels， and inhibited macrophage apoptosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Myristica fragrans potentially interferes with AS development by modulating pathways related to oxidative stress， inflammation， lipid metabolism， fluid shear stress， and apoptosis， with <italic>CASP3</italic>， <italic>MAPK3</italic>， and <italic>AKT1</italic> serving as key targets mediating its anti-apoptotic and anti-AS effects.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>肉豆蔻</kwd><kwd>动脉粥样硬化</kwd><kwd>网络药理学</kwd><kwd>分子对接分析</kwd><kwd>巨噬细胞凋亡</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Myristica fragrans</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>network pharmacology</kwd><kwd>molecular docking analysis</kwd><kwd>macrophage apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>江西省科技专项资金项目</funding-source><award-id>20232BAB216012</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>江西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目</funding-source><award-id>S202310412091</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>江西省科技专项资金项目（编号：20232BAB216012）；江西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（编号：S202310412091）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Fund programs  Fund programs Special Fund for Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province</funding-source><award-id>20232BAB216012</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Jiangxi Province</funding-source><award-id>S202310412091</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Special Fund for Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province （No. 20232BAB216012）； College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Jiangxi Province （No. S202310412091）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="7"/><table-count count="3"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="13"/><page-count count="10"/><word-count count="20146"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-28T11:37:29</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis，AS）是一种伴有巨噬细胞显著浸润的慢性血管炎症性疾病。肉豆蔻为传统药用植物，常用于配伍方剂，有降血脂、抗菌、抗抑郁、抗氧化、抗炎等药理作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。已有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>表明其可显著降低AS斑块面积，其作用机制可能通过上调三磷酸腺苷结合转运体A1（ATP binding cassette transporter A1，ABCA1）表达，促进胆固醇外排，减少巨噬细胞内的脂质蓄积，从而降低组织脂质含量。然而，现有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>多聚焦于单一或少数活性成分（如谷甾醇、挥发油等），而肉豆蔻含黄酮、萜类、酚类等多种成分可能存在协同作用，但尚未被充分探讨。该研究基于网络药理学、分子对接和细胞实验等方法，探讨天然产物肉豆蔻在治疗AS中的有效活性成分及其潜在作用机制，为其防治AS的基础研究和临床应用提供理论依据。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>试剂与仪器</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>主要试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">肉豆蔻提取物（货号：W530427）购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司；RAW264.7小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞（货号：TCM-C766）购自上海海星生物技术有限公司。Active + Pro Caspase-3重组兔单克隆抗体（货号：ET1608-64）购自杭州华安生物技术有限公司；p-MAPK3、MAPK3、p-AKT1、AKT1抗体（货号：9101S、4696、75692、13461）购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司；p-JUN、JUN抗体（货号：HY-P80456、HY-P80084）购自上海MCE公司；热休克蛋白90（heat shock protein 90，HSP90）小鼠单克隆抗体（货号：TA500494）购自美国OriGene Technologies公司。HRP标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG（H+L）和山羊抗兔IgG（H+L）二抗（货号：SA00001-1、SA00001-2）购自武汉Proteintech公司；细胞凋亡检测试剂盒（货号：40302ES20）购自上海翌圣生物科技有限公司；YO-PRO-1/碘化丙啶（YO-PRO-1/propidium iodide，YO-PRO-1/PI）染色试剂盒（货号：C1075S）和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记法（terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling， TUNEL）染色试剂盒（货号：C1090）均购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>主要仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">细胞培养箱（型号：3111）、低温离心机（型号：Legend Micro 17R）购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司；超净工作台（型号：HFsafe-900）购自香港Heal Force公司；蛋白免疫印迹电泳仪（型号：1645050）购自美国Bio-Rad公司；凝胶成像系统（型号：Amersham Imager 600）购自上海思拓凡公司；酶标仪（型号：EnVision）购自美国PerkinElmer公司；流式细胞仪（型号：CytoFLEX）购自上海贝克曼库尔特公司；正置荧光显微镜（型号：Ni-U）购自日本Nikon公司。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>网络药理学研究</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>肉豆蔻的活性成分获取及靶点筛选</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为筛选肉豆蔻的活性成分及其作用靶点，本研究采用多数据库联合筛选策略。首先，通过TCMSP数据库（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://old.tcms-pe.com/tcmsp.php">https：//old.tcms-pe.com/tcmsp.php</ext-link>），根据口服生物利用度（oral bioavailability，OB）≥30%和类药性（drug-likeness，DL）≥0.18标准，筛选出具有较好吸收性和成药性的活性成分及其潜在靶点。随后，利用Uniprot数据库（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.uniprot.org/">https：//www.uniprot.org/</ext-link>）对靶点蛋白进行查询，获取并标准化人类基因名称。进一步通过SwissTargetPrediction（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/">http：//www.swisstargetprediction.ch/</ext-link>）和PharmMapper（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/">http：//www.lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/</ext-link>）数据库挖掘更多潜在靶点。最终，整合上述数据库结果，去除重复项，获得肉豆蔻有效成分作用靶点，用于后续的研究。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>AS靶点及交集靶点的获取</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">本研究通过DrugBank（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://go.drugbank.com/">https：//go.drugbank.com/</ext-link>）、OMIM（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://omim.org/">https：//omim.org/</ext-link>）、GAD（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://geneticassociationdb.nih.gov/">https：//geneticassociationdb.nih.gov/</ext-link>）和DisGeNET（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.disgenet.org/">http：//www.disgenet.org/</ext-link>）数据库，以“AS”为关键词检索相关靶点。整合不同数据库结果并去除重复项后，最终获得了AS的潜在靶点。随后，使用R语言对肉豆蔻靶点与AS靶点进行交集分析，并通过运行venny.R脚本绘制韦恩图，从而获得二者的共同作用靶点。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>生物学功能与通路分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">通过R语言中“clusterProfile”包对肉豆蔻和AS共有靶点进行基因本体论（gene ontology，GO）富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）富集分析，并以校正后<italic>P</italic>≤0.01作为显著性阈值筛选标准。富集结果通过R语言中“dotplot”函数进行可视化，展示主要的生物过程和信号通路。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>蛋白质相互作用（protein-protein interaction，PPI）网络构建及关键靶点筛选</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用STRING平台（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.string.db.org/">https：//www.string.db.org/</ext-link>）对共同靶点进行PPI网络分析，选择“Multiple Proteins”模式，物种设置为“Homo sapiens”，并采用默认参数导出TSV格式文件。随后，导入Cytoscape进行可视化。通过 Network Analysis 插件进行拓扑筛选，以自由度、接近中心性及介度中心性均≥中位数为标准，共获得107个核心靶点，并将前10个关键节点以红色高亮显示。</p><disp-quote><p>1.2.5　肉豆蔻的活性成分与关键靶点分子对接从PubChem获取筛选活性成分的SDF文件，经Chem3D软件最小结合能优化后转换为mol2格式。接着，从RCSB PDB数据库下载关键基因的蛋白结构（pdb格式），并在PyMOL软件中去除水分子和小分子配体。随后将配体与蛋白分别导入AutoDock Tools加氢并保存为pdbqt文件，通过AutoDock Vina进行分子对接，设置靶蛋白活性口袋参数并计算结合能，再用PyMOL对对接构象进行可视化。结合能越低表示亲和力越强，通常&lt;-20.92 kJ/mol视为结合稳定、对接效果良好。</p></disp-quote></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.6</label><title>基因表达综合数据库（gene expression omnibus，GEO）数据集获取</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">通过NCBI网站（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">https：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</ext-link>）中GEO数据库获取GSE28829和GSE120521数据集，其中GSE28829数据集中包含29个AS斑块样本（其中早期斑块15个，晚期斑块14个）的基因表达谱数据，而GSE120521数据集中包含8个样本（4对稳定和不稳定斑块区域样本）的RNA测序数据。</p></sec><sec id="s1b6"><label>1.2.7</label><title>差异基因表达（differentially expressed genes，DEGs）和基因集富集（gene set enrichment analysis，GSEA）分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">通过DESeq2包对基因表达数据进行标准化处理，并鉴定差异表达基因。校正后的<italic>P</italic>值（<italic>P</italic><sub>adjust</sub>）&lt;0.05时，该基因被视为差异表达基因。GSEA分析使用GSEA软件4.1.0进行，参考基因集c5.bp.v7.0.symbols.gmt从官方GSEA下载。基因集的显著性阈值设为校正后的<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>细胞实验研究</title><sec id="s1c1"><label>1.3.1</label><title>肉豆蔻溶液制备</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">精密称取肉豆蔻提取物粉末，将其溶解于无菌的生理盐水中，充分混匀后制成1 mg/mL的母液，并分装保存于4 ℃冰箱中备用。</p></sec><sec id="s1c2"><label>1.3.2</label><title>细胞提取和培养</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将RAW264.7细胞置于37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2</sub>、饱和湿度的培养箱中，在含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基中进行培养。当细胞生长至80%~90%汇合度时，使用细胞刮刀刮取使其脱落，随后进行传代或接种铺板。</p></sec><sec id="s1c3"><label>1.3.3</label><title>CCK-8法检测肉豆蔻对RAW264.7细胞的生长抑制作用</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用CCK-8试剂检测处理后细胞的吸光度（absorbance， <italic>A</italic>）值，以评估RAW264.7细胞活力。参考预实验和文献报道<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>的活性范围设定，实验共分为7组，包括对照组及6组给药组。给药组中肉豆蔻浓度分别为1、10、20、50、100和200 μmol/L。将处于对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞接种于96孔板中，贴壁后更换为含不同浓度药物的培养基，24 h后，弃去原培养基，向每孔加入含10% CCK-8试剂的新鲜培养基，于37 ℃孵育30 min，随后在450 nm波长下测定各孔的<italic>A</italic>值。</p></sec><sec id="s1c4"><label>1.3.4</label><title>实验分组和干预</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">本研究设对照组、H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>模型组和肉豆蔻给药组。模型组以 300 μmol/L H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>处理细胞2 h建立氧化应激模型；给药组先以20 μmol/L肉豆蔻预处理24 h，再加入300 μmol/L H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>处理2 h；对照组则在无药物的完全培养基中培养。</p></sec><sec id="s1c5"><label>1.3.5</label><title>Western blot检测蛋白浓度</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞接种于6孔板并完成药物处理后，用RIPA裂解液提取总蛋白，BCA法测定蛋白浓度。随后进行SDS-PAGE电泳并将蛋白转膜至PVDF膜。室温封闭1 h后加入一抗，4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST洗膜3次后加入二抗，于室温孵育1 h，再次洗膜3次。最终以化学发光法显影，并使用 ImageJ分析灰度值，以HSP90为内参计算目标蛋白的相对表达量。</p></sec><sec id="s1c6"><label>1.3.6</label><title>流式细胞术</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">按上述方式处理细胞后，收集上清液和细胞沉淀，用100 μL 1× Binding buffer重悬，加入5 μL Annexin-FITC和2 μL PI，在避光条件下孵育15 min。随后加入400 μL Binding Buffer 混匀，用流式细胞仪检测。Annexin V<sup>+</sup>FITC/PI<sup>-</sup>为早期凋亡，Annexin V<sup>+</sup>FITC/PI<sup>+</sup>为晚期凋亡，凋亡率为早期与晚期凋亡细胞比例之和。</p></sec><sec id="s1c7"><label>1.3.7</label><title>YO-PRO-1/PI染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将RAW264.7细胞接种于24孔板中，每孔约10万个细胞，细胞贴壁后进行药物干预。用4% PFA室温固定30 min，PBS洗3次，加入染色工作液100~200 μL，室温孵育30 min。PBS洗3次，每次5 min，控干水分后使用封片剂封片。荧光显微镜下观察并拍摄照片，使用ImageJ软件统计阳性细胞数量。</p></sec><sec id="s1c8"><label>1.3.8</label><title>TUNEL染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与1.3.7实验条件一致，将处理好的细胞用4% PFA室温固定30 min，PBS洗3次。用0.1% Triton X-100室温通透8 min后PBS洗2次。随后与含有末端转移酶和标记核苷酸的TUNEL反应液在37 ℃避光孵育60 min，用DAPI进行细胞核复染后封片观察，通过ImageJ软件统计阳性细胞数量。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">实验数据分析使用GraphPad Prism V8.0统计软件进行，多组间数据若符合正态分布且符合方差齐性检验，用One-way ANOVA单因素方差分析，组间两两比较采用Tukey检验，以<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>肉豆蔻主要活性成分干预AS相关靶点的网络药理学分析结果</title><sec id="s2a1"><label>2.1.1</label><title>肉豆蔻的主要活性成分及靶点</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为获得肉豆蔻的活性成分及其潜在靶点，首先通过TCMSP数据库检索其主要活性成分，并以OB≥30%和DL≥0.18作为筛选标准，筛选出9个具有较好的口服吸收效果和较高成药性的有效活性成分（<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>）。随后，利用TCMSP、SwissTargetPrediction和PharmMapper数据库检索这些活性成分的潜在作用靶点。在这3个数据库中分别检索到59、372和651个作用靶点。综合3个数据库结果后，每个成分平均有342个潜在作用靶点，删除重复靶点后得到941个肉豆蔻活性成分的作用靶点。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>肉豆蔻的主要活性成分信息</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>Information about the main active ingredients of Myristica fragrans</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Number</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Mol ID</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Molecule name</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">OB （%）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">DL</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Target number</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp1</td><td align="center">MOL000358</td><td align="left">beta-sitosterol</td><td align="center">36.91</td><td align="center">0.75</td><td align="center">273</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp2</td><td align="center">MOL007920</td><td align="left">meso-1，4-Bis-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-2，3-dimethylbutane</td><td align="center">31.32</td><td align="center">0.26</td><td align="center">363</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp3</td><td align="center">MOL009243</td><td align="left">Isoguaiacin</td><td align="center">48.78</td><td align="center">0.31</td><td align="center">356</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp4</td><td align="center">MOL009254</td><td align="left">galbacin</td><td align="center">61.00</td><td align="center">0.53</td><td align="center">339</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp5</td><td align="center">MOL009255</td><td align="left">5-［（2S，3S）-7-methoxy-3-methyl-oxole5-［（E）-prop-1-enyl］-2，3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl］-1，3-benzodi</td><td align="center">53.11</td><td align="center">0.40</td><td align="center">385</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp6</td><td align="center">MOL009259</td><td align="left">Kudos</td><td align="center">45.06</td><td align="center">0.38</td><td align="center">372</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp7</td><td align="center">MOL009263</td><td align="left">saucernetindiol</td><td align="center">41.85</td><td align="center">0.32</td><td align="center">317</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp8</td><td align="center">MOL009264</td><td align="left">tetrahydrofuroguaiacin B</td><td align="center">62.86</td><td align="center">0.32</td><td align="center">318</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">comp9</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">MOL009265</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">threo-austrobailignan-5</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">49.49</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0.32</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">356</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="58.50016785"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="58.50016785"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2a2"><label>2.1.2</label><title>AS靶基因及其与肉豆蔻的共同靶点</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为系统性获取AS相关的靶基因，利用DrugBank、GAD、OMIM和DisGeNET数据库对AS的靶基因进行检索，获得靶基因数量分别为46、354、3和2 044个。经去重后，共得到2 184个与AS相关的靶基因。随后，对肉豆蔻活性成分与AS靶基因进行交集分析，获得293个共同靶点（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>）。进一步分析肉豆蔻的9个主要活性成分作用于293个共同靶基因的数量，发现除Compound 8作用于其中的13.7%（40/293）个靶基因外，其余成分平均作用于57.0 %（167/293）的共同靶基因。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">表2</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>肉豆蔻和AS共同靶点</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>Common targets of Myristica fragrans and AS</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>Venn diagram of common targets between Myristica fragrans and the disease； Pink： represents AS disease targets； Blue： represents Myristica fragrans targets； Purple： represents the overlapping targets.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="80.43333435" height="61.03054810"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="80.43333435" height="61.03054810"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="80.43333435" height="61.03054810"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><table-wrap id="T2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.T002</object-id><label>表2</label><caption><p>肉豆蔻主要活性成分的靶点数量</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.2</label><title>Major active compounds of Myristica fragrans and corresponding target numbers</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table2"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Number</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Compound</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Target number</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp1</td><td align="center">Beta-sitosterol</td><td align="center">141</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp2</td><td align="center">Dimethylbutane</td><td align="center">175</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp3</td><td align="center">Isoguaiaicin</td><td align="center">169</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp4</td><td align="center">Galbacin</td><td align="center">165</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp5</td><td align="center">Benzodioxole</td><td align="center">178</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp6</td><td align="center">Kudos</td><td align="center">177</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp7</td><td align="center">Saucernetinidol</td><td align="center">163</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">comp8</td><td align="center">Tetrahydrofuroguaiacin B</td><td align="center">40</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">comp9</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">Austrobailignan</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">165</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-T002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583893" height="45.94000244"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-T002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583893" height="45.94000244"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2a3"><label>2.1.3</label><title>GO和KEGG富集分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为阐明肉豆蔻作用AS的潜在机制，本研究对肉豆蔻和AS的共同靶基因进行了GO和KEGG富集分析，以校正后的<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01且Count&gt;10为显著标准。结果显示， 293个靶基因主要富集在762个GO生物学过程和122个KEGG信号通路，其中显著性前10的GO和KEGG通路见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>。GO富集主要集中于脂多糖应答、氧化应激、炎症调控及脂肪酸代谢（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>A）。KEGG通路富集结果中，显著性前10的KEGG通路中主要涉及脂质和动脉粥样硬化、Rap1信号通路及细胞凋亡等关键通路（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>B）。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>肉豆蔻和AS共同靶点的GO和KEGG富集通路</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>GO and KEGG enrichment pathways of the shared targets between Myristica fragrans and AS</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： GO functional enrichment bubble plot； B： KEGG pathway enrichment bubble plot； <italic>Y</italic>-axis： Pathway names； <italic>X</italic>-axis： Gene ratio； Bubble size： Number of genes in the term； Color： enrichment significance <italic>P</italic> value.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="164.39445496" height="60.32500076"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="164.39445496" height="60.32500076"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="164.39445496" height="60.32500076"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2a4"><label>2.1.4</label><title>PPI网络构建筛选关键靶基因</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为鉴别肉豆蔻作用AS的关键靶基因，通过STRING数据库构建PPI共表达网络。将293个共同靶点基因导入STRING并经Cytoscape可视化，获得包含293个节点和3 903条相互作用边的网络。利用Network Analyzer按自由度、接近中心性、介度中心性大于或等于中位数为筛选条件，获得107个核心靶基因（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图 3</xref>A）。其中连接度≥66的关键节点包括<italic>ALB</italic>（98）、<italic>AKT1</italic>（95）、<italic>CASP3</italic>（75）、<italic>SRC</italic>（75）、<italic>JUN</italic>（74）、<italic>MAPK3</italic>（74）、<italic>EGFR</italic>（72）、<italic>PPARG</italic>（71）、<italic>MMP9</italic>（69）、<italic>HIF1A</italic>（66）及<italic>PTGS2</italic>（66）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>B）。通过对上述关键靶基因的生物学功能注释分析提示，其中<italic>JUN</italic>、<italic>CASP3</italic>、<italic>MAPK3</italic>和<italic>AKT1</italic>基因参与细胞凋亡相关信号通路。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>肉豆蔻-AS共有靶点的PPI网络图</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.3</label><title>PPI Network diagram of common genes shared by Myristica fragrans-AS</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： PPI network of Myristica fragrans-AS shared targets； Red nodes： Key target genes； Blue nodes： Other shared genes； B： Bar plot of degree centrality for key target genes.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="147.81390381" height="80.08055115"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="147.81390381" height="80.08055115"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="147.81390381" height="80.08055115"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2a5"><label>2.1.5</label><title>肉豆蔻关键活性成分与核心靶点的分子对接</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为明确肉豆蔻中主要活性成分与参与细胞凋亡相关关键靶基因之间的结合能力，选取<italic>JUN、CASP3、MAPK3</italic>和<italic>AKT1</italic>四个参与凋亡信号通路的核心靶点进行分子对接分析。靶点蛋白三维结构分别从PDB数据库中获取，PDB ID分别为2fpd（<italic>JUN</italic>）、5i9t（<italic>CASP3</italic>）、6ges（<italic>MAPK3</italic>）、4ejn（<italic>AKT1</italic>）。结果显示，各活性成分与四个靶蛋白的最低结合能均 &lt; -20.92 kJ/mol（<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">表3</xref>），提示其结合构象稳定、相互作用较强，可能通过调控这些靶点参与凋亡通路。</p><table-wrap id="T3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.T003</object-id><label>表3</label><caption><p>分子对接信息表</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.3</label><title>Information table of molecular docking</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table3"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Target</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">PDB ID</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Compound</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Binding energy/（kJ/mol）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>JUN</italic></td><td align="center">2fpd</td><td align="center">Comp.1</td><td align="center">-27.614 4</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>CASP3</italic></td><td align="center">5i9t</td><td align="center">Comp.1</td><td align="center">-33.053 6</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.2</td><td align="center">-30.961 6</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.3</td><td align="center">-32.216 8</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.4</td><td align="center">-36.819 2</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.5</td><td align="center">-34.308 8</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.6</td><td align="center">-31.798 4</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.7</td><td align="center">-29.706 4</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.9</td><td align="center">-30.543 2</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>MAPK3</italic></td><td align="center">6ges</td><td align="center">Comp.2</td><td align="center">-28.451 2</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.3</td><td align="center">-32.635 2</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>AKT1</italic></td><td align="center">4ejn</td><td align="center">Comp.2</td><td align="center">-35.982 4</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.3</td><td align="center">-35.982 4</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.6</td><td align="center">-40.166 4</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">Comp.7</td><td align="center">-37.656 0</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">Comp.9</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">-34.727 2</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-T003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="81.14408875"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-T003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="81.14408875"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2a6"><label>2.1.6</label><title>肉豆蔻的核心靶点及其调控的凋亡通路在AS进展中的变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为明确肉豆蔻核心靶点及其调控的细胞凋亡通路在AS进展中的激活情况，分析GEO数据库中AS斑块早期和晚期（GSE28829），以及稳定和不稳定斑块（GSE120521）的基因表达数据集。差异分析共鉴定出2 600个（早期<italic>vs</italic>晚期）和4 365个（稳定<italic>vs</italic>不稳定）差异基因（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>D）。基于差异基因的GSEA结果显示，白细胞凋亡通路在晚期斑块（NES=2.31，<italic>P</italic><sub>adjust</sub>=0.000 06）和不稳定斑块（NES=2.33，<italic>P</italic><sub>adjust</sub>=0.000 3）中均显著富集（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>B、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>E）。进一步分析显示，除AKT1在早期和晚期斑块中基因表达存在显著差异外，其余基因在不同病程阶段未呈现显著变化（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>C、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>F）。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>肉豆蔻核心靶点及其调控的凋亡通路在AS进展中的变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>Alterations in Myristica fragrans core targets and apoptosis-related pathways during AS progression</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Volcano plot of gene expression profiles in early <italic>vs</italic> late-stage AS plaques； B： Enrichment of leukocyte apoptosis pathway in early and late-stage plaques； C： Expression patterns of Myristica fragrans core target genes （<italic>JUN</italic>， <italic>CASP3</italic>， <italic>MAPK3</italic>， <italic>AKT1</italic>） in early and late-stage AS plaques； D： Volcano plot of gene expression profiles in stable <italic>vs</italic> unstable AS plaques； E： Enrichment of leukocyte apoptosis pathway in stable and unstable plaques； F： Expression patterns of Myristica fragrans core target genes （<italic>JUN</italic>， <italic>CASP3</italic>， <italic>MAPK3</italic>， <italic>AKT1</italic>） in stable and unstable AS plaques；<sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05 <italic>vs</italic> Early.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="168.27499390" height="92.07499695"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.27499390" height="92.07499695"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.27499390" height="92.07499695"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>细胞实验验证肉豆蔻调控凋亡相关靶基因蛋白活性抑制巨噬细胞凋亡</title><sec id="s2b1"><label>2.2.1</label><title>肉豆蔻对巨噬细胞的生长抑制作用</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为筛选肉豆蔻提取物对RAW264.7细胞的适宜处理浓度，分别以不同剂量处理细胞24 h，并采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力。结果显示，各给药组细胞活力均保持在95%以上，与空白对照组相比，差异无统计学意义，细胞生长状态良好（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>）。结合CCK-8结果及预实验数据，最终选定20 μmol/L作为后续实验的最佳处理浓度。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.F005</object-id><label>图5</label><caption><title>肉豆蔻对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响 （<italic>n</italic>=5）</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.5</label><title>The effects of Myristica fragrans on the viability of RAW264.7 cells （<italic>n</italic>=5）</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="76.55277252" height="51.15277481"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="76.55277252" height="51.15277481"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="76.55277252" height="51.15277481"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b2"><label>2.2.2</label><title>肉豆蔻对巨噬细胞JUN、CASP3、MAPK3和AKT1蛋白活性的作用</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为验证肉豆蔻对巨噬细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响，采用Western blot检测各组JUN、CASP3、MAPK3、AKT1及其活性形式（p-JUN、Cleaved-CASP3、p-MAPK3、p-AKT1）的表达水平。与对照组比较，模型组Cleaved-CASP3（<italic>P</italic>=0.006 4）和p-MAPK3（<italic>P</italic>=0.000 3）表达水平升高，p-AKT1（<italic>P</italic>=0.002）表达水平降低；与模型组比较，肉豆蔻干预组 Cleaved-CASP3（<italic>P</italic>=0.04）和p-MAPK3（<italic>P</italic>=0.000 3）表达水平下降，p-AKT1（<italic>P</italic>=0.004）表达水平升高，各组p-JUN表达水平差异无统计学意义。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F6"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.F006</object-id><label>图6</label><caption><title>肉豆蔻对JUN、CASP3、MAPK3和AKT1蛋白活性及凋亡的作用 （<italic>n</italic>=3）</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.6</label><title>The effects of Myristica fragrans on the activity of JUN， CASP3， MAPK3， and AKT1 proteins and apoptosis （<italic>n</italic>=3）</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A-D： Expression and quantification of p-JUN， cleaved-CASP3， p-MAPK3， and p-AKT1 proteins in control， model， and Myristica fragrans-treated groups； a： Control group； b： Model group； c： Myristica fragrans-treated group； <italic><sup>**</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <italic><sup>***</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01，<sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Model group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F006.eps" id="Graphic6"><?fx-imagestate width="166.15832520" height="60.67777634"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F006.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.15832520" height="60.67777634"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F006c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.15832520" height="60.67777634"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b3"><label>2.2.3</label><title>肉豆蔻对巨噬细胞凋亡的作用</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为验证肉豆蔻的抗凋亡作用，采用流式细胞术及YO-PRO-1/PI双染和TUNEL染色对 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡进行评估。流式结果显示，肉豆蔻处理组的凋亡比例较模型组降低（<italic>P</italic>=0.001 2）。YO-PRO-1/PI双染结果显示，与模型组比较，肉豆蔻处理组早期凋亡细胞（YO-PRO-1<sup>+</sup>）（<italic>P</italic>=0.001 2）及晚期凋亡/坏死（PI<sup>+</sup>）（<italic>P</italic>=0.009 7）细胞比例均下降。TUNEL染色结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组TUNEL阳性细胞增加（<italic>P</italic>=0.000 3），而与模型组比较，肉豆蔻处理组TUNEL阳性细胞减少（<italic>P</italic>=0.010 5）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">图7</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F7"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.005.F007</object-id><label>图7</label><caption><title>肉豆蔻对巨噬细胞凋亡的作用 （<italic>n</italic>=3）</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.7</label><title>The effects of Myristica fragrans on macrophage apoptosis （<italic>n</italic>=3）</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Flow cytometry representative plots and quantitative analysis of each group； B： YO-PRO-1 and PI double-staining representative images and statistical results of each group    ×200； C： TUNEL staining representative micrographs and quantitative analysis of each group    ×200； a： Control group； b： Model group； c： Myristica fragrans-treated groups； <italic><sup>**</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <italic><sup>***</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs</italic> Model group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F007.eps" id="Graphic7"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="203.90057373"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F007.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="203.90057373"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/FF525548-D572-451c-BC93-C9282E3C8199-F007c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="203.90057373"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>肉豆蔻作为传统蒙药，具有降脂、抗炎、抗氧化等多重药理活性。已有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>证实其可降低血脂，改善一氧化氮水平并降低AS斑块面积，且可通过激活GATA3/LXRα通路上调ABCA1表达，促进巨噬细胞胆固醇外排以抑制AS进展<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。但整体机制仍未阐明。本研究结合网络药理学、分子对接及细胞实验，系统解析其潜在活性成分及抗AS机制，为后续药效机制研究与临床转化提供基础。</p><p>通过TCMSP筛选并与AS相关基因比对共获293个靶点，8个主要成分可作用于其中57.0%靶点，提示肉豆蔻可能通过多成分、多靶点和多途径协同发挥效应。β-sitosterol、galbacin、tetrahydrofuroguaiacin B、isoguaiacin等为核心成分，其中β-sitosterol具有抗凋亡、抗氧化与抗肿瘤等作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。而其他成分的研究相对较少，但仍可能在整体效应中发挥作用。GO和KEGG分析显示，其靶点主要涉及氧化应激、炎症反应、脂质代谢、流体剪切应力以及细胞凋亡等通路，这些通路均是AS进展的关键驱动因素<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。提示肉豆蔻可能通过调控氧化应激、炎症、脂代谢、流体剪切应力和细胞凋亡等通路，发挥抗AS的作用。</p><p>PPI网络分析获得11个核心基因，其中<italic>CASP3</italic>、<italic>AKT1</italic>、<italic>JUN</italic>和<italic>MAPK3</italic>均参与细胞凋亡通路。细胞凋亡贯穿AS的全过程，其失衡会导致斑块细胞过度死亡、斑块稳定性下降并加速病程<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>。<italic>CASP3</italic>作为凋亡效应子位于级联反应末端，通过酶原切割介导细胞程序性死亡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>；<italic>AKT1</italic>在细胞代谢与周期调控中发挥中心作用，其磷酸化下降会促进细胞凋亡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>。<italic>JUN</italic>是核转录激活蛋白-1的组成成分，参与增殖与凋亡调控，氧化应激可增强其活性并放大凋亡信号<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>。<italic>MAPK3</italic>则参与细胞周期调控，氧化应激可促使其磷酸化并诱导细胞凋亡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>。通过分子对接分析发现，肉豆蔻中活性成分与细胞凋亡相关的四个关键靶基因的结合能均小于-20.92 kJ/mol，结合构象稳定，表明其与靶蛋白具有较强的亲和力。综上，细胞凋亡通路可能是肉豆蔻防治AS的重要作用机制，而<italic>CASP3</italic>、<italic>AKT1</italic>、<italic>JUN</italic>和<italic>MAPK3</italic>等核心基因为潜在关键调控靶点。</p><p>在AS进展过程中，本研究发现白细胞凋亡在AS晚期及不稳定斑块中显著富集，提示其可能AS进展及斑块稳定性转变过程中处于持续激活状态。巨噬细胞作为重要的免疫白细胞，摄取氧化低密度脂蛋白形成泡沫细胞是斑块形成的重要特征<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>，而晚期凋亡会导致细胞内容物释放并扩大坏死核心，降低斑块稳定性并增加破裂与血栓风险<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>。进一步结果显示除<italic>AKT1</italic>外，其余凋亡相关靶基因在AS进展中的表达无显著差异，提示肉豆蔻可能调控蛋白活性而非基因转录。细胞实验表明，肉豆蔻干预可显著下调Cleaved-CASP3和p-MAPK3蛋白的表达水平，上调p-AKT1蛋白水平，并对p-JUN呈抑制趋势。流式细胞术、YO-PRO-1/PI双染与TUNEL染色均表明，肉豆蔻可显著降低凋亡细胞比例，抑制H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡。</p><p>综上所述，本研究通过网络药理学分析及实验验证表明，肉豆蔻可能通过调控<italic>CASP3</italic>、<italic>MAPK3</italic>和<italic>AKT1</italic>的活性，抑制巨噬细胞凋亡通路，从而发挥抗AS的作用。尽管该研究为阐明肉豆蔻抗 AS 的潜在机制提供了理论依据，但仍以体外实验为主，其在内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞及其他免疫细胞中的作用尚不明确，未来仍需结合多种细胞和动物模型进一步深入研究，以为临床转化奠定更坚实的基础。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Qi</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Bai</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Mu</surname><given-names>Q</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Nutmeg： a review 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