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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）03–0395–07</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.002</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V165赵利芳</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 655.3</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>瑞马唑仑调控HIF-1<bold>α</bold>/NLRP3通路抑制细胞焦亡减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanism of action of remifentanil in alleviating lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by modulating HIF-1<bold>α</bold>/NLRP3 pathway to inhibit cell pyroptosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>赵</surname><given-names>利芳</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Lifang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>杨</surname><given-names>建功</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Jiangong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>明勇</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Mingyong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>邵</surname><given-names>坤</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shao</surname><given-names>Kun</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>申</surname><given-names>长立</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shen</surname><given-names>Changli</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>佳婕</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Jiajie</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>朱</surname><given-names>虹</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>Hong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>曲</surname><given-names>良超</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Qu</surname><given-names>Liangchao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>新乡市中心医院麻醉与围术期医学科</institution>，<city>新乡</city>  <postal-code>453000</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine， Xinxiang Central Hospital</institution>， <city>Xinxiang</city>     <postal-code>453000</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉科</institution>，<city>南昌</city>  <postal-code>330000</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Anesthesiology， The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University</institution>， <city>Nanchang</city>     <postal-code>330000</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en">Chen Zhiwu，E-mail：<email>ChenZhiWu@ahmu.edu.cn</email></corresp><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Qu Liangchao</named-content>， E-mail： <email>381841456@qq.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">赵利芳</named-content>，女，副主任医师</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">曲良超</named-content>，男，主任医师，通信作者，E-mail： <email>381841456@qq.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-09T08：29：54"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-id>14</issue-id><fpage>395</fpage><lpage>401</lpage><page-range>395-401</page-range>  <history><date date-type="received"> <day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date>  </history>  <abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探讨瑞马唑仑（RMZL）调控缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（NLRP3）通路抑制细胞焦亡减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤（LIRI）的作用机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>大鼠随机分成对照组、LIRI组、RMZL低剂量组、RMZL中剂量组、RMZL高剂量组、RMZL高剂量+HIF-1α激活剂二甲基乙二酰氨基乙酸（DMOG）组，每组18只。对照组大鼠仅游离左肺门，不进行缺血再灌注处理。除对照组外，其他组大鼠均需构建LIRI模型。LIRI组大鼠在构建LIRI模型前15 min腹腔注射等量的生理盐水；对照组大鼠在游离左肺门前15 min腹腔注射等量的生理盐水；其他组大鼠在构建LIRI模型前15 min腹腔注射对应剂量的药物。检测大鼠肺湿/干重比值；HE染色检测肺组织病理；免疫荧光染色检测肺组织消皮素D（GSDMD）与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度；ELISA检测肺组织白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-18水平；Western blot检测肺组织HIF-1α、NLRP3、活化的半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1（Cleaved caspase-1）、消皮素D-N端片段（GSDMD-N）蛋白表达。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>与对照组相比，LIRI组大鼠肺泡结构紊乱，肺泡间隔增厚，且有大量炎性细胞浸润，肺湿/干重比值、肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度、IL-1β、IL-18水平及HIF-1α、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与LIRI组相比，RMZL低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺泡间隔增厚及炎性细胞浸润程度改善，肺湿/干重比值、肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度、IL-1β、IL-18水平及HIF-1α、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达降低，且RMZL高剂量组趋势最明显（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与RMZL高剂量组相比，RMZL高剂量+DMOG组大鼠肺泡间隔增厚，炎性细胞浸润增多，肺湿/干重比值、肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度、IL-1β、IL-18水平及HIF-1α、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>RMZL可能通过抑制HIF-1α/NLRP3通路抑制LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the mechanism of action of remifentanil （RMZL） in alleviating lung ischemia-reperfusion injury （LIRI） in rats by inhibiting pyroptosis through modulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3） pathway.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Rats were stochastically assigned into Control group， LIRI group， RMZL low-dose group， RMZL medium-dose group， RMZL high-dose group， and RMZL high-dose+HIF-1α activator dimethyloxallyl glycine （DMOG） group， with 18 rats in each group. Rats in Control group only had their left pulmonary hilum free and did not undergo ischemia-reperfusion treatment. Except for the Control group， LIRI models were constructed in all other groups. Rats in LIRI group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal amount of physiological saline 15 minutes before constructing LIRI model； rats in Control group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal amount of physiological saline 15 minutes before freeing left pulmonary hilum； rats in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with corresponding dose of drug 15 minutes before constructing LIRI model. The wet/dry weight ratio of lungs was calculated. HE staining was used to study lung tissue pathology. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the relative fluorescence intensity of gasdermin D （GSDMD） and NLRP3 double positive cells in lung tissue. ELISA was used to detect interleukin-1β and IL-18 in lung tissue. Western blot was used to detect HIF-1α， NLRP3， cysteine-aspartic protease-1 （Cleaved caspase-1）， and gasdermin D-N （GSDMD-N） proteins in lung tissue.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared to the Control group， the LIRI group showed disordered alveolar structure， thickened alveolar septa， and abundant inflammatory cell infiltration in rats. The lung wet/dry weight ratio， relative fluorescence intensity of GSDMD and NLRP3 double positive cells in lung tissue， IL-1β， IL-18 levels， and HIF-1α， NLRP3， Cleaved caspase-1， and GSDMD-N proteins increased （<italic>P</italic>0.05）. For the LIRI group， rats in the RMZL low， medium， and high-dose groups displayed attenuated alveolar septal thickening and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. The lung wet/dry weight ratio， relative fluorescence intensity of GSDMD and NLRP3 double positive cells in lung tissue， IL-1β， IL-18 levels， and HIF-1α， NLRP3， Cleaved caspase-1， and GSDMD-N proteins declined， and the RMZL high-dose group showed the most prominent trend （<italic>P</italic>0.05）. Compared with the RMZL high-dose group， rats in the RMZL high-dose+DMOG group exhibited thickened alveolar septa and more inflammatory cell infiltration， along with increased lung wet/dry weight ratio， relative fluorescence intensity of GSDMD and NLRP3 double positive cells in lung tissue， levels of IL-1β and IL-18， and protein expression of HIF-1α， NLRP3， Cleaved caspase-1， and GSDMD-N （<italic>P</italic>0.05）.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>RMZL may inhibit pyroptosis in LIRI rats by suppressing HIF-1α/NLRP3 pathway.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>瑞马唑仑</kwd><kwd>肺缺血再灌注损伤</kwd><kwd>焦亡</kwd><kwd>炎症</kwd><kwd>HIF-1α/NLRP3通路</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>remimazolan</kwd><kwd> lung ischemia-reperfusion injury</kwd><kwd>pyroptosis</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>HIF-1α/NLRP3 pathway</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>82260382</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：82260382）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Fund program  National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>82260382</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Fund program  National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 82260382）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="5"/><table-count count="0"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="16"/><page-count count="7"/><word-count count="18302"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-25T09:36:40</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>肺缺血再灌注损伤（lung ischemia-reperfusion injury，LIRI）是肺移植、体外循环、肺栓塞、取栓等外科手术后常见的并发症。尽管医疗条件有所改善，但LIRI的发生率及临床病死率仍然较高<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。研究表明，LIRI的复杂过程涉及许多机制，包括细胞焦亡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。因此，开发新型抑制细胞焦亡药物对于LIRI治疗意义重大。瑞马唑仑（remimazolan，RMZL）是一种苯二氮卓类镇静剂，可以诱导并维持全身麻醉，多用于重症监护病房的危重症患者。据文献<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>报道，RMZL具有显著的肺保护作用，可抑制脂多糖诱导的肺泡上皮细胞焦亡。有关RMZL对LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡的影响鲜有报道。相关研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>显示，抑制缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia-inducible factor-1α，HIF-1α）/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family， pyrin domain-containing 3，NLRP3）通路可改善哮喘小鼠的细胞焦亡。但RMZL是否可通过调控HIF-1α/NLRP3通路影响LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡尚不清楚。因此，本研究主要探究RMZL对LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡的影响及机制。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>动物</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">108只SPF级SD大鼠（雄性，6周龄，200~210 g）饲养于（25±2）°C，50%～60%湿度，12 h光照/12 h黑暗循环条件下。所有大鼠均可自由饮水与饮食。大鼠购自江苏青龙山生物公司，生产许可证号为SCXK（苏）2024-0001。实验方案经南昌大学第一附属医院医学研究伦理委员会批准，伦理编号：（2023）CDYFYYLK（02-056）。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">RMZL（货号：20230811，成都标样生物科技有限公司）；HIF-1α激活剂二甲基乙二酰氨基乙酸（dimethyloxalylglycine，DMOG）（货号：HY-15893 ，美国MCE公司）；兔源一抗消皮素D（gasdermin D，GSDMD）、NLRP3、GAPDH、活化的半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1（Cleaved caspase-1）、消皮素D-N端片段（gasdermin D-N-terminal fragment，GSDMD-N）及二抗（货号：ab219800、ab210491、ab181603、ab286125、ab215203、ab6721，英国Abcam公司）；兔源一抗HIF-1α（货号：YB-0737R，上海钰博生物科技有限公司）；大鼠白细胞介素（interleukin，IL）-18、IL-1β ELISA试剂盒（货号：20231209、20231226，上海邦景实业有限公司）。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>方法</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>LIRI模型构建</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">麻醉大鼠，在左侧胸部第5肋间隙前作一外侧切口，暴露左侧肺门，血管夹夹闭模拟缺血，30 min后松开血管夹；当左肺重新膨隆，即为再灌注，1 h后造模结束<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>分组及处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">大鼠随机分为对照组、LIRI组、RMZL低剂量组、RMZL中剂量组、RMZL高剂量组、RMZL高剂量+DMOG组，每组18只。RMZL低、中、高剂量组大鼠分别腹腔注射1.5、3.0、6.0 mg/kg RMZL<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>；RMZL高剂量+DMOG组大鼠腹腔注射6 mg/kg RMZL，40 mg/kg DMOG<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>；LIRI组大鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水，给药15 min后构建LIRI模型。对照组大鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水，15 min后仅游离左肺门，不进行缺血再灌注处理。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>肺湿/干重比值的检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">各组随机取6只大鼠，处死并收集左肺组织。擦除表面水分后，称量并记录肺组织湿重。100 ℃下干燥24 h后，称量并记录肺组织干重。肺湿/干重比值=湿重/干重。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>肺组织病理检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">从各组剩余的12只大鼠中随机取6只，处死并收集左肺组织。4%多聚甲醛固定肺组织，随后石蜡包埋，切成5 μm厚度的切片。苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin and eosin，HE）染色后，最后观察肺组织切片病理学变化。</p></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.5</label><title>肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取“1.2.4”项中剩余的石蜡切片，用磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤3次后，用山羊血清在室温下阻断30 min。随后，一抗GSDMD（1∶600）、NLRP3（1∶800）在4 °C下过夜孵育切片，然后与二抗（1∶1 000）在常温下孵育1 h。最后在荧光显微镜下观察切片。用ImageJ软件测量肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度。</p></sec><sec id="s1b6"><label>1.2.6</label><title>肺组织IL-1β、IL-18水平检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取各组剩余的6只大鼠，处死并收集左肺组织。将10 mg左肺组织在600 μL含蛋白酶抑制剂的磷酸盐缓冲液中匀浆化，并以12 500 r/min离心15 min，收集澄清的上清液用于ELISA测定。使用ELISA试剂盒定量肺组织上清液中IL-1β、IL-18水平。</p></sec><sec id="s1b7"><label>1.2.7</label><title>肺组织HIF-1α、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取“1.2.6”项中剩余的肺组织，采用放射免疫沉淀分析裂解缓冲液提取肺组织匀浆总蛋白。二辛可宁酸法测定蛋白浓度。取30 μg蛋白质样品在10%十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上电泳，并转移到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上。随后用5%脱脂牛奶在室温下阻断1 h。将膜与HIF-1α（1∶4 000）、NLRP3（1∶3 000）、Cleaved caspase-1（1∶5 000）、GAPDH（1∶2 000）、GSDMD-N（1∶1 000）抗体在4 °C下过夜孵育。室温洗涤膜3次后，用二抗（1∶3 000）孵育膜1 h。最后，使用增强化学发光试剂显影，并使用ImageJ软件定量灰度值。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">GraphPad Prism 9.0用于统计分析。数据用<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula><italic>±s</italic>表示。采用单因素方差分析及事后<italic>SNK-q</italic>检验分析多组间的差异。<italic>P</italic>0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>RMZL对LIRI大鼠肺湿/干重比值的影响</title><p>与对照组相比，LIRI组大鼠肺湿/干重比值升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与LIRI组相比，RMZL低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺湿/干重比值降低，且RMZL高剂量组趋势最明显（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与RMZL高剂量组相比，RMZL高剂量+DMOG组大鼠肺湿/干重比值升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。以上结果说明，RMZL可降低LIRI大鼠肺湿/干重比值。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.002.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>大鼠肺湿干重比的比较</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 1</label><title>Comparison of wet/dry weight ratio of lungs of rats</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>a： Control group； b： LIRI group； c：<italic> </italic>RMZL low-dose group； d：<italic> </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； e：<italic> </italic>RMZL high-dose group； f： RMZL high-dose+DMOG group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs</italic> Control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>LIRI group； <italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL low-dose group； <sup>@</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； <sup>△</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL high-dose group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="71.61388397" height="46.91944504"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="71.61388397" height="46.91944504"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="71.61388397" height="46.91944504"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>RMZL对LIRI大鼠肺组织病理的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">对照组大鼠肺泡结构正常，无炎性细胞浸润；LIRI组大鼠肺泡结构紊乱，肺泡间隔增厚，且有大量炎性细胞浸润；与LIRI组相比，RMZL低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺泡间隔增厚及炎性细胞浸润现象有所缓解；与RMZL高剂量组相比，RMZL高剂量+DMOG组大鼠肺泡间隔增厚及炎性细胞浸润现象严重。以上结果说明，RMZL可缓解LIRI大鼠肺组织病理改变。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.002.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>大鼠肺组织病理染色结果    HE×400</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 2</label><title>Pathological staining of rat lung tissue    HE×400</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>a： Control group； b： LIRI group； c：<italic> </italic>RMZL low-dose group； d：<italic> </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； e：<italic> </italic>RMZL high-dose group； f： RMZL high-dose+DMOG group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="61.73611069"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="61.73611069"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="61.73611069"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>RMZL对LIRI大鼠肺组织细胞焦亡的影响</title><p>与对照组相比，LIRI组大鼠肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与LIRI组相比，RMZL低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度降低，且RMZL高剂量组趋势最明显（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与RMZL高剂量组相比，RMZL高剂量+DMOG组大鼠肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。这表明，RMZL可减少LIRI大鼠肺组织的细胞焦亡。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.002.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>大鼠肺组织中GSDMD与NLRP3的表达水平</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 3</label><title>GSDMD and NLRP3 levels in lung tissue of rat</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Observation of the expressions and distributions of GSDMD and NLRP3 by immunofluorescence    ×400，white arrow represents NLRP3， red arrow represents GSDMD； B： Relative fluorescence intensity of GSDMD and NLRP3； a： Control group； b： LIRI group； c：<italic> </italic>RMZL low-dose group； d：<italic> </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； e：<italic> </italic>RMZL high-dose group； f： RMZL high-dose+DMOG group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs</italic> Control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>LIRI group； <italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL low-dose group； <sup>@</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； <sup>△</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL high-dose group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="78.31666565"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="78.31666565"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="78.31666565"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>RMZL对LIRI大鼠肺组织IL-1<bold>β</bold>、IL-18水平的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与对照组相比，LIRI组大鼠肺组织IL-1β、IL-18水平升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与LIRI组相比，RMZL低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺组织IL-1β、IL-18水平降低，且RMZL高剂量组趋势最明显（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与RMZL高剂量组相比，RMZL高剂量+DMOG组大鼠肺组织IL-1β、IL-18水平升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。以上结果说明，RMZL可降低LIRI大鼠肺组织IL-1β、IL-18水平。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.002.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>大鼠肺组织中IL-1<bold>β</bold>与IL-18水平的比较</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 4</label><title>Comparison of IL-1<bold>β</bold> and IL-18 levels in lung tissue of rat</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： IL-1β levels in lung tissue； B： IL-18 levels in lung tissue；a： Control group； b： LIRI group； c：<italic> </italic>RMZL low-dose group； d：<italic> </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； e：<italic> </italic>RMZL high-dose group； f： RMZL high-dose+DMOG group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs</italic> Control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>LIRI group； <italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL low-dose group； <sup>@</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； <sup>△</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL high-dose group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="133.70277405" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="133.70277405" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="133.70277405" height="42.33333206"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>RMZL对LIRI大鼠肺组织HIF-1<bold>α</bold>/NLRP3通路的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与对照组相比，LIRI组大鼠肺组织HIF-1α、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与LIRI组相比，RMZL低、中、高剂量组大鼠肺组织HIF-1α、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白降低，且RMZL高剂量组趋势最明显（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与RMZL高剂量组相比，RMZL高剂量+DMOG组大鼠肺组织HIF-1α、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。以上结果说明，RMZL可抑制HIF-1α/NLRP3通路。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.002.F005</object-id><label>图 5</label><caption><title>大鼠肺组织中HIF-1<bold>α</bold>、NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1及 GSDMD-N表达水平的比较</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 5</label><title>Comparison of HIF-1<bold>α</bold>， NLRP3， Cleaved caspase-1 and GSDMD-N expression levels in lung tissue of rat</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Pattern of protein bands； B： Relative protein expressions of HIF-1α，NLRP3，Cleaved caspase-1，GSDMD-N； a： Control group； b： LIRI group； c：<italic> </italic>RMZL low-dose group； d：<italic> </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； e：<italic> </italic>RMZL high-dose group； f： RMZL high-dose+DMOG group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs</italic> Control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>LIRI group； <italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL low-dose group； <sup>@</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL medium-dose group； <sup>△</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>RMZL high-dose group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="67.56989288"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="67.56989288"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/2DCA3727-A9FB-41f6-A3E2-A83CDC7609E1-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="67.56989288"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>LIRI多见于手术、创伤及肺栓塞患者，可严重威胁患者健康。尽管医学不断进步，但LIRI仍给全球患者带来沉重负担。因此亟须进一步开发潜在的治疗策略。本研究构建了LIRI大鼠模型，病理结果显示，与对照组相比，LIRI组大鼠肺湿/干重比值升高，肺泡结构紊乱，间隔增厚，伴有大量炎性细胞浸润，表明LIRI大鼠存在肺水肿、肺泡损伤，符合LIRI典型病理特征。焦亡是新近被阐明的溶解性程序性细胞死亡模式，其主要特征是在细胞膜上形成跨膜孔道，使胞内炎性细胞因子直接释放至胞外。该过程中，NLRP3炎性小体复合物激活并自身裂解为Cleaved caspase-1，后者切割GSDMD，释放其N端片段GSDMD-N；随后，GSDMD-N在细胞膜表面寡聚成孔，促进IL-1β、IL-18等炎症因子分泌，放大炎症反应，最终引发细胞死亡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>。本研究中，LIRI组大鼠肺组织GSDMD与NLRP3双阳性细胞的相对荧光强度、肺组织IL-1β、IL-18水平及NLRP3、Cleaved caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白表达高于对照组，表明LIRI大鼠存在细胞焦亡。提示抑制细胞焦亡可能是改善LIRI的有效策略之一。</p><p>RMZL是一种有效、安全的镇静剂，具有抗炎及器官保护特性。已有研究报道，RMZL可抑制心肌缺血再灌注大鼠细胞焦亡及脓毒症患者炎症反应<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。本研究表明，RMZL低、中、高剂量干预均可抑制LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡，提示RMZL可能成为潜在的LIRI有效治疗药物。然而RMZL可能会引起血流动力学不稳定、过敏反应等副作用，临床应用时需谨遵医嘱，适时适量。</p><p>HIF-1α作为感受胞氧浓度的环境传感器，负责协调细胞对低氧的适应性变化<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>。低氧环境下，HIF-1α得以稳定积聚，入核激活一系列靶基因，从而最大限度地抑制耗氧、减少活性氧生成并促进氧气输送，维持细胞稳态<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>。先前研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>表明，HIF-1α可以促进NLRP3炎性小体激活，加剧焦亡反应。王月 等<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>研究表明，下调HIF-1α/NLRP3通路可减轻缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经元焦亡；李从艺 等<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>］</sup>阐明，抑制HIF-1α/NLRP3通路可抑制细胞焦亡，进而对高原低氧大鼠急性肺损伤发挥保护作用。本研究中，RMZL低、中、高剂量干预均可抑制LIRI大鼠肺组织中HIF-1α、NLRP3蛋白表达，推测RMZL可能通过调控HIF-1α/NLRP3通路抑制LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡。为验证该推测，本实验使用HIF-1α激活剂——DMOG设置回复实验，结果显示，DMOG减弱了高剂量RMZL对LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡的抑制作用。证明RMZL可能通过负调控HIF-1α/NLRP3通路介导抑制细胞焦亡。此外，RMZL高剂量联合DMOG组的作用效果与RMZL中剂量组相近，推测DMOG与RMZL作用机制可能存在交叉，故未能充分展现出预期的协同或拮抗效应。考虑到HIF-1α的动态调控特性，未来研究应优化给药时序设计，例如在DMOG预处理后给予RMZL，以更准确地评估两者的作用关系。</p><p>综上所述，RMZL可能通过抑制HIF-1α/NLRP3通路抑制LIRI大鼠细胞焦亡，可为LIRI的治疗提供新的参考依据。不足的是，本研究仅通过分子生物学指标评估细胞焦亡，缺乏透射电镜下的超微结构观察及细胞活力等直接证据，同时，肺组织中焦亡细胞的具体类型仍不明确。未来的研究需结合电镜观察、体外细胞实验及细胞分选等技术，以更全面阐明RMZL的作用靶点和保护机制。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>， <name 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