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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）03–0439–09</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V213孙丹彤</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 593.2</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>BMP3抑制大鼠佐剂诱导性关节炎的炎症反应</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>BMP3 inhibits the inflammatory response in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>孙</surname><given-names>丹彤</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Dantong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>小枫</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Xiaofeng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>俊</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Jun</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>宋</surname><given-names>标</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Biao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>安徽医科大学第一附属医院药剂科</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230022</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Pharmacy， The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>    <postal-code>230022</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>安徽医科大学药学科学学院， 炎症免疫性疾病安徽省实验室</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>School of Pharmacy，Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory  of Anhui Province， Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>    <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Song Biao</named-content>， E-mail： <email>aysongbiao@ahmu.edu.cn</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">孙丹彤</named-content>，女，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">宋  标</named-content>，男，博士，副主任药师，硕士生导师，通信作者，E-mail：<email>aysongbiao@ahmu.edu.cn</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30T08：46：48"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-id>14</issue-id><fpage>439</fpage><lpage>447</lpage><page-range>439-447</page-range>  <history><date date-type="received"> <day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date>  </history>  <abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探讨骨形态发生蛋白 3（BMP3）对弗氏完全佐剂（FCA）诱导的大鼠关节炎（AA）炎症因子表达及关节损害的影响。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>SD大鼠通过左后肢足趾部皮内注射FCA建立AIA模型，造模后第8天于膝关节腔原位注射BMP3过表达腺病毒（Ad-BMP3）或对照腺病毒（Ad-NC）。采用HE染色观察滑膜组织病理变化；免疫组化检测滑膜组织中BMP3表达；ELISA分析血清中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达水平。提取AIA大鼠原代成纤维样滑膜细胞（FLS），敲低或过表达FLS细胞中BMP3的表达，Western blot和qRT-PCR检测FLS细胞中BMP3和炎症因子的表达水平。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>HE染色证实AIA模型建立成功；与正常大鼠相比，AIA大鼠滑膜组织中BMP3表达降低；敲低BMP3的表达促进了FLS细胞中炎症因子（IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17A、TNF-α）蛋白的表达以及趋化因子［C-C基序趋化因子配体2（CCL2）、C-C基序趋化因子配体3（CCL3）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）］mRNA的表达，而过表达BMP3则抑制了相应炎症因子和趋化因子的表达；AIA大鼠关节腔原位注射BMP3过表达腺病毒上调了滑膜组织中BMP3的表达，抑制了关节滑膜的炎症反应和骨侵蚀。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>BMP3抑制了FLS细胞中炎症因子和趋化因子的产生，减轻了关节炎的滑膜增生和骨侵蚀。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 3 （BMP3） on the expression of inflammatory factors and joint damage in adjuvant arthritis （AA） induced by Freund′s complete adjuvant （FCA） in rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The AIA model was established in SD rats by intradermal injection of FCA into the toes of the left hind limb， and BMP3 overexpressing adenovirus （Ad-BMP3） or control adenovirus （Ad-NC） was injected in situ into the knee joint cavity on day 8 after modeling. Subsequently， HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the synovium， immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BMP3 in the synovium， and ELISA was used to analyze the expression levels of IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum. Primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes （FLS） were isolated from AIA rats， the expression of BMP3 in FLS was knocked down or overexpressed， and Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of BMP3 and inflammatory factors in FLS.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>HE staining confirmed the successful establishment of the AIA model. Compared with normal rats， AIA rats showed decreased BMP3 expression in synovial tissue. Knockdown of BMP3 promoted the protein expression of inflammatory factors （IL-6， IL-1β， IL-17A， TNF-α） and the mRNA expression of chemokines ［C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （CCL2）， C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 （CCL3）， Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 （VCAM-1）］ in FLS. In contrast， overexpression of BMP3 suppressed the expression of these inflammatory factors and chemokines. Intra-articular injection of BMP3-overexpressing adenovirus in AIA rats upregulated BMP3 expression in synovial tissue and inhibited synovial inflammation and bone erosion.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>BMP3 suppresses the production of inflammatory factors and chemokines in FLS， thereby alleviating synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion in arthritis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>BMP3</kwd><kwd>佐剂性关节炎</kwd><kwd>成纤维样滑膜细胞</kwd><kwd>炎症因子</kwd><kwd>AIA</kwd><kwd>腺病毒</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>BMP3</kwd><kwd>adjuvant-induced arthritis</kwd><kwd>fibroblast-like synoviocytes</kwd><kwd>inflammatory factors</kwd><kwd>AIA</kwd><kwd>adenovirus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>82002269</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽医科大学校科研基金项目</funding-source><award-id>2022xkj141</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽医科大学炎症免疫性疾病安徽省实验室开放课题项目</funding-source><award-id>IMMDL 202102</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：82002269）；安徽医科大学校科研基金项目（编号：2022xkj141）；安徽医科大学炎症免疫性疾病安徽省实验室开放课题项目（编号：IMMDL 202102）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>82002269</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Scientific Research Project of Anhui Medical University</funding-source><award-id>2022xkj141</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Open Project of Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Anhui Medical University</funding-source><award-id>IMMDL202102</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 82002269）； Scientific Research Project of Anhui Medical University （No. 2022xkj141）； Open Project of Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases， Anhui Medical University （No. IMMDL202102）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="6"/><table-count count="1"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="17"/><page-count count="9"/><word-count count="18863"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-25T09:36:54</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis， RA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其病理特征为滑膜增生、炎性细胞浸润、相邻关节骨和软骨的侵蚀以及血管翳的形成，最终导致关节功能障碍甚至丧失<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。在RA中，成纤维样滑膜细胞（fibroblast-like synoviocytes，FLS）在其中发挥了重要的作用，活化的FLS细胞侵入细胞外基质，分泌炎症因子（IL-6、IL-1β ）<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>、趋化因子<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>、转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>、基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteases， MMPs）<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>和细胞黏附分子<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>等，破坏关节软骨和骨骼，加重关节功能障碍。因此，抑制FLS细胞的增殖和炎症反应可能是RA治疗的重要靶点。骨形态发生蛋白（bone morphogenetic proteins， BMPs）是TGF-β超家族成员之一，是一种分泌型信号蛋白<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>，能够促进骨和软骨<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>的发育。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>表明，骨形态发生蛋白3（bone morphogenetic protein 3， BMP3）通过抑制成骨细胞分化和功能来抑制RA关节骨的修复，但其在FLS细胞炎症反应中的具体调控机制尚不明确。因此，本研究通过体内外实验，系统分析BMP3对FLS细胞炎症因子（如IL-6、TNF-α）及趋化因子如［C-C基序趋化因子配体2（C-C motif chemokine ligand 2，CCL2）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（vascular cell adhesion molecule-1，VCAM-1）］的调控作用，以揭示其在RA中的潜在治疗价值。</p><p>为进一步探讨BMP3在RA中的作用，本研究通过弗氏完全佐剂（Freund′s complete adjuvant，FCA）诱导大鼠AIA模型，结合体外FLS细胞对基因进行沉默和过表达实验，系统分析BMP3对炎症反应的调控作用。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>实验动物</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">40只斯普拉格-道利大鼠（sprague-dawley， SD）大鼠（雌性，体质量120～160 g）购自安徽医科大学实验动物中心，常规饲养于药学科学学院动物实验中心的大鼠笼位中，饲养环境温度恒定在（22±2）℃，湿度40％～70％，独立通风，饮食供应充足。本研究获得安徽医科大学实验动物伦理委员会的批准（批号：LLSC20210150）。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>主要试剂与仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">FCA购自美国Chondrex公司（货号：7027）；BMP3和TNF-α抗体购自英国Abcam公司（货号：ab134724、ab307164）；IL-6、IL-1β和IL-17A抗体购自美国Bioworld公司（货号：BS6419、BS6067、BS60297）；β-actin抗体购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司（货号：4967S）；Vimentin抗体购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司（货号：CL594-60330）；Alexa Fluor 488偶联的山羊抗兔IgG（H+L）抗体购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司（货号：ZF0511）；4′，6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚（4′，6-diamidino-2-phenylindole，DAPI）购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司（货号：P0131）；TRIzol试剂购自日本Takara公司（货号：525-0058）；BMP3、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17A、CCL2、CCL3、VCAM-1和β-actin引物由上海生工生物科技有限公司合成。Evo M-MLV逆转录预混试剂盒购自湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司（货号：11701）；BMP3-RNAi购自上海吉玛制药技术有限公司。鼠源BMP3（Ad-BMP3）和对照（Ad-NC）的腺病毒购自上海汉恒生物科技有限公司，鼠源BMP3腺病毒基因编码序列参考自美国国家生物技术信息中心（National Center for Biotechnology Information，NCBI）数据库（转录本ID为NM_017105.1）。荧光倒置式显微镜购自日本Olympus Corporation公司（型号：IX83）；数字化PCR仪购自美国Thermo Scientific公司（型号：QX200）。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>方法</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>AIA大鼠模型建立</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将购于安徽医科大学实验动物中心体质量为140 g±20 g的成年雌性SD大鼠随机分为每5只一笼，适应性饲养1周后造模。在大鼠左后肢足趾部皮内注射FCA，诱导建立佐剂性关节炎（adjuvant-induced arthritis， AIA）模型，FCA剂量为0.1 mL/100 g。对照组大鼠在左后肢足趾部皮内注射相同剂量的医用生理盐水。FCA注射当天为第0天，在第8天于AIA大鼠膝关节腔内注射0.1 mL携带鼠源BMP3 （Ad-BMP3）或Ad-NC的腺病毒，AIA模型建立的第24天将大鼠进行安乐死并收集样本。以上实验方案和操作步骤均符合安徽医科大学动物伦理委员会实验要求。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>滑膜组织病理学观察</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">造模后处死大鼠，迅速分离大鼠膝关节滑膜组织，用4%多聚甲醛固定48 h后换EDTA脱钙液脱钙，随后进行石蜡包埋、切片。组织切片用HE染色，显微镜观察滑膜组织病理变化。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>免疫组化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">大鼠滑膜组织切片进行常规处理后４℃过夜孵育BMP3抗体，次日取出后于室温下复温0.5 h，室温孵育二抗2 h，3，3′-二氨基联苯胺（3，3′-diaminobenzidine，DAB）显色剂显色至产生棕色颗粒，随后进行苏木精复染细胞核，梯度乙醇脱水，二甲苯透明，封片后在显微镜下观察BMP3表达情况。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>细胞培养</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">收集大鼠膝关节滑膜组织，采用贴片法进行分离和培养原代FLS细胞。细胞于37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2</sub>条件下，使用含20% FBS的DMEM培养基培养。经过3次传代后即可得到均一且形态稳定的FLS细胞。</p></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.5</label><title>免疫荧光</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">培养的FLS细胞密度达到1～2×10<sup>5</sup>个/mL时，使用BMP3抗体和Vimentin抗体（1∶200）进行免疫荧光双染。以Alexa Fluor 488偶联的山羊抗兔IgG（H+L）作为二抗，用DAPI对细胞核进行复染，用荧光倒置显微镜检测染色的FLS细胞。</p></sec><sec id="s1b6"><label>1.2.6</label><title>基因沉默</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">构建小干扰RNA （siRNA）转染敲低FLS细胞中BMP3的表达。BMP3-RNAi正义链为5′-CCAAGUCUUUGAAGCCAUTT-3′，反义链为5′-AUGGCUUCAAAAGACUUUGGTT-3′。阴性对照siRNA（NC-RNAi）正义链是5′-UUCUCCGAA CGUGUCACGUTT-3′，反义链是5′-ACGUGACACG UUCGGAGAATT-3′。使用GP-transfect-Mate转染试剂将BMP3-RNAi转染到FLS细胞中，细胞用 Opti-MEM 培养 4~6 h，然后换成含 20% FBS 的 DMEM，在 37 ℃ 培养 48 h。</p></sec><sec id="s1b7"><label>1.2.7</label><title>基因过表达</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">BMP3的过表达质粒由上海吉玛制药技术有限公司构建。根据制造商的说明要求，用BMP3过表达质粒（BMP3-PEX）转染FLS细胞，诱导BMP3过表达，并以空的PEX-3载体（NC-PEX）作为对照，转染实验使用LipoFiter 3.0，转染步骤同“1.2.6”项。</p></sec><sec id="s1b8"><label>1.2.8</label><title>qRT-PCR</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">根据制造商手册/协议，使用TRIzol试剂从FLS细胞中提取总RNA，反应根据制造商的方案进行，使用Evo M-MLV 逆转录预混试剂盒将RNA逆转录为cDNA。此外，使用数字化PCR仪检测相关基因的mRNA表达水平。用2<sup>-ΔΔ</sup><italic><sup>C</sup></italic><inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.26999998" height="4.23333359"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.26999998" height="4.23333359"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>法分析目标基因mRNA的相对表达量。实验中使用的所有引物序列参照<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>所示。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>相关基因引物序列</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>Primer sequences of related genes</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Gene</th><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Primer sequences （5′-3′）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>BMP3</italic></td><td align="left">F： CTACCCTACCTAGCTACGTAT</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： GCTGGTGACATTGTTACTCATG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>IL-1β</italic></td><td align="left">F： TGACCCATGTGAGCTGAAAG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： AGGGATTTTGTCGTTGCTTG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>IL-6</italic></td><td align="left">F： GAGCCCACCAGGAACGAAAGTC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： TGTTGTGGGTGGTATCCTCTGTGAA</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>IL-17A</italic></td><td align="left">F： TGCCTGATGCTGTTGCTGCTAC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： GGTGAAGTGGAACGGTTGAGGTAG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TNF-α</italic></td><td align="left">F： ACTCCCAGAAAAGCAAGCAA</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： CAGTTCCACATCTCGGATCA</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>β-actin</italic></td><td align="left">F： TTCGCCATGGATGACGATATC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： TAGGAGTCCTTCTGACCCATAC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>VCAM-1</italic></td><td align="left">F： GTCAGCGAAGGAAACTGGAG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： ACCGTGCAGTTGACAGTGAC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>CCL2</italic></td><td align="left">F： TAGCATCCACGTGCTGTCTC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="left">R： TGCTGCTGGTGATTCTCTTG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>CCL3</italic></td><td align="left">F： ACTGCCTGCTGCTTCTCCTA</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">R： CGGTTTCTCTTGGTCAGGAA</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="87.28601837"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="87.28601837"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s1b9"><label>1.2.9</label><title>Western blot</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">体外培养的FLS细胞和滑膜组织使用含1％蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液裂解，冰上裂解细胞沉淀30 min，在４℃、12 000 r / min条件下离心20 min，取上清液进行BCA定量。后续取总蛋白加入每孔泳道中，进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis，SDS-PAGE），用湿转法将蛋白转移至聚偏二氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride membrane，PVDF）膜上。室温封闭后加入相应的一抗，4 ℃孵育过夜。使用抗BMP3（1∶500）、IL-1β （1∶500）、IL-6 （1∶500）、IL-17A （1∶500）、TNF-α （1∶500）和β-actin （1∶1 000）的一级抗体。次日洗涤3次后使用山羊抗兔或小鼠二抗孵育2 h。洗涤3次后，用ECL化学发光检测试剂盒发光、显影和定影。利用ImageJ软件计算蛋白质条带的灰度值。</p></sec><sec id="s1b10"><label>1.2.10</label><title>大鼠关节炎评分和足肿胀测量</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">通过测量足爪厚度和体积，评价关节炎足肿胀的严重程度。取大鼠踝关节在 4% 多聚甲醛中固定 48 h后，对踝关节进行 Micro-CT扫描，然后进行图像重建和数据分析。由杭州越波生物技术有限公司利用 SCANCO MEDICAL μCT100 仪器执行扫描方案。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">数据使用 SPSS 27.0 软件进行评估和统计分析，结果以均数 ± 标准差（<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M2"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula><italic>±s</italic>）表示。采用单因素方差分析评估组间差异。此外，还使用 GraphPad Prism 10.4 软件对数据进行分析，<italic> P</italic>  0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>建立大鼠AIA模型</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">SD大鼠适应性饲养1周后，于大鼠左后足爪皮内注射FCA建立AIA大鼠模型。造模后收集血液，离心取上清液，通过ELISA试剂盒检测血清中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α表达水平。ELISA结果显示，AIA模型大鼠血清中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平较正常组表达升高（<italic>P </italic>0.01，<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>A），此外，HE染色显示AIA组滑膜组织出现典型病理特征：滑膜层明显增厚、炎性细胞浸润及血管翳形成（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>B、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>C），上述结果共同验证了AIA模型成功建立。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>BMP3在AIA大鼠FLS细胞中的表达情况   ×20</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 1</label><title>Expression of BMP3 in FLS of AIA rats   ×20</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Detection of the expression of IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in serum of AIA rats by ELISA； B， C： Representative pictures of HE staining； D， E： Representative pictures of IHC-BMP3 staining； F： Immunofluorescence detection of Vimentin （red） and BMP3 （green） expression in rat synovial tissue； <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs </italic>Normal group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="135.46667480" height="98.77777863"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="135.46667480" height="98.77777863"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="135.46667480" height="98.77777863"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>AIA大鼠中滑膜组织BMP3的表达情况</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为了明确BMP3在关节炎发病过程中的表达变化，首先检测了AIA大鼠滑膜组织中BMP3的表达水平，免疫组织化学结果显示，BMP3在AIA滑膜组织中表达下调（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>D、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>E）。为进一步验证BMP3在FLS细胞中的表达情况，通过免疫荧光双染检测BMP3（绿色）与FLS细胞标志物Vimentin（红色）的共定位情况，结果显示，AIA组FLS细胞中BMP3荧光信号强度较正常组减弱（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>F），且Vimentin在两组细胞中均广泛表达且细胞形态呈典型梭形，证实FLS细胞分离培养成功。上述结果提示，AIA模型中BMP3的表达下调可能参与RA滑膜炎症的病理进程，为后续探究BMP3对FLS细胞功能的调控作用奠定基础。</p></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>AIA大鼠中炎症因子、趋化因子和黏附因子的表达情况</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">基于前期研究表明，AIA大鼠滑膜组织中BMP3表达降低（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>A），进一步检测了FLS细胞中炎症相关因子的表达变化。Western blot和qRT-PCR结果显示，与正常组相比，AIA组FLS细胞中促炎因子（IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17A和TNF-α）的蛋白及mRNA水平均升高［例如IL-6 mRNA：正常组1.00±0.49，AIA组5.78±1.09，<italic>F</italic>（1，4）= 48.014，<italic>P </italic> 0.01，图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>B、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>C］。同时，单因素方差分析也表明，参与免疫细胞招募的趋化因子（CCL2、CCL3）和黏附分子（VCAM-1）的表达也明显上调［例如CCL2 mRNA：正常组1.11±0.59，AIA组3.97±0.51，<italic>F</italic>（1，4）= 40.10，<italic>P </italic>0.01，<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>C］。这些结果提示，BMP3表达降低可能通过激活FLS细胞的炎症因子促进关节炎的病理进展，这为后续探讨BMP3的功能机制提供了实验依据。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>AIA 大鼠 FLS细胞中炎症因子、趋化因子和黏附因子的表达情况</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 2</label><title>Expression of inflammatory factors， chemokines and adhesion factors in FLS of AIA rats</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Western blot detection of protein expression of BMP3 in FLS of AIA rats； B： Changes in mRNA expression of inflammatory factors， chemokines and adhesion factors in FLS of AIA rats detected by qRT-PCR； C： Western blot detection of protein expression of inflammatory factors in FLS of AIA rats； <sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic>0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs</italic> Normal group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="134.05555725" height="94.89722443"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="134.05555725" height="94.89722443"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="134.05555725" height="94.89722443"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>沉默BMP3的表达对AIA FLS细胞炎症反应的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为明确BMP3对FLS细胞炎症反应的调控作用，通过BMP3-RNAi小干扰敲低FLS细胞中BMP3的表达。Western blot和qRT-PCR表明，BMP3-RNAi转染组中BMP3的表达水平较NC-RNAi对照组表达降低（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>B）。Western blot和qRT-PCR的分析表明，沉默BMP3后，FLS细胞中促炎细胞因子（IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17A、TNF-α）的蛋白及mRNA表达均上调［例如IL-6 mRNA：NC-RNAi组 4.15 ± 0.94，BMP3-RNAi组 7.97 ± 0.87，<italic>F</italic>（1，4）= 17.76，<italic>P </italic>0.05，图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>A-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>C］，同时趋化因子CCL2、CCL3和VCAM-1的mRNA水平也明显增加［例如CCL2 mRNA：NC-RNAi组 4.67 ± 0.66，BMP3-RNAi组 9.12 ± 0.68，<italic>F</italic>（1，4）= 66.13，<italic>P </italic>0.01，<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>A］。ELISA结果显示，与对照组相比，IL-6、 IL-1β以及TNF-α在细胞培养上清液中的含量增加 （<italic>P </italic>0.01），如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>B所示。这些结果不仅证明BMP3对AIA FLS细胞炎症反应的负调控作用，还揭示了BMP3可能通过同时抑制多类炎症介质的产生来维持滑膜稳态。这一结果为理解BMP3在RA中的保护机制提供了新的实验证据。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>BMP3-RNAi 对AIA 大鼠 FLS细胞中炎症因子分泌的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 3</label><title>The effects of BMP3-RNAi on inflammatory cytokine secretion in FLS of AIA rats</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Protein expression map of BMP3 and inflammatory factors in AIA FLS after silencing BMP3 detected by Western blot； B， C： mRNA expression map of BMP3 and inflammatory factors in AIA FLS after silencing BMP3 detected by qRT-PCR； <sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic>0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs</italic> Normal group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P </italic>0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs </italic>NC-RNAi group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="144.99166870" height="115.71109772"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="144.99166870" height="115.71109772"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="144.99166870" height="115.71109772"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>BMP3-RNAi对AIA 大鼠 FLS细胞中炎症因子、趋化因子分泌的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 4</label><title>The effects of BMP3-RNAi on inflammatory factors and chemokines in FLS of AIA rat</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： mRNA expression map of BMP3 and chemokines in AIA FLS after silencing BMP3 detected by qRT-PCR； B： Detection of secretion of inflammatory factors in AIA FLS after silencing of BMP3 detected by ELISA； <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs</italic> Normal group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P </italic>0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs </italic>NC-RNAi group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="145.69721985" height="52.91666412"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="145.69721985" height="52.91666412"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="145.69721985" height="52.91666412"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>过表达BMP3对AIA FLS细胞中促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为验证BMP3对FLS细胞炎症反应的直接调控作用，构建了BMP3过表达质粒。Western blot和qRT-PCR结果显示，与NC-PEX组相比，BMP3-PEX组 FLS细胞中BMP3的表达更高，如图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>B所示。此外，与NC-PEX组相比，BMP3-PEX下调了促炎细胞因子（IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17A和TNF-α）的mRNA水平［例如IL-6 mRNA：NC-PEX组 7.91 ± 0.99，BMP3-PEX组 3.37 ± 0.64，<italic>F</italic>（1，4）= 46.68，<italic>P</italic>  0.01］，如图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>C所示。除此之外，在AIA FLS细胞中，过表达BMP3后，趋化因子（CCL2、CCL3和VCAM-1）的mRNA表达显著降低［例如CCL2 mRNA：NC-PEX组 3.57 ± 0.47，BMP3-PEX组 1.67 ± 0.19，<italic>F</italic>（1，4） = 42.664，<italic>P</italic> 0.01］，如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>D所示。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008.F005</object-id><label>图5</label><caption><title>过表达BMP3对AIA FLS细胞中炎症因子、趋化因子的表达情况</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 5</label><title>The effects of the overexpression of BMP3 on the expression of inflammatory factors and chemokines in AIA FLS</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Protein expression of BMP3 and inflammatory factors in FLS after overexpression of BMP3 detected by Western blot； B， C： mRNA expression of BMP3 and inflammatory factors in FLS after overexpression of BMP3 detected by qRT-PCR； D： mRNA expression of chemokines in FLS after overexpression of BMP3 detected by qRT-PCR； <sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic>0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs </italic>Normal group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P </italic>0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P </italic>0.01 <italic>vs </italic>NC-PEX group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="162.98332214" height="113.94722748"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="162.98332214" height="113.94722748"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="162.98332214" height="113.94722748"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2f"><label>2.6</label><title>腺病毒体内诱导BMP3过表达对AIA大鼠关节炎的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">基于体外实验证实BMP3具有抗炎作用，为了研究BMP3在AIA大鼠体内滑膜组织中的作用，将携带BMP3的腺病毒（Ad-BMP3<italic>）</italic>注射到AIA大鼠的膝关节内以诱导BMP3的过表达。结果显示，Ad-BMP3组大鼠足爪肿胀程度较Ad-NC对照组减轻，如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>A所示。组织病理学分析表明，Ad-BMP3组减少了AIA大鼠滑膜组织中的炎性细胞浸润和滑膜增生情况，如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>B所示。免疫组化结果表明，与注射Ad-NC一侧的滑膜组织相比，注射Ad-BMP3的滑膜组织中的BMP3表达更高，如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>C所示。Micro-CT对大鼠右后爪骨破坏情况进行分析结果表明，右后爪CT片显示典型的AIA改变（正常组除外），包括关节破坏、关节移位和覆盖整个踝关节区域的不规则骨增生，如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>D所示。因此，实验结果证实了关节腔内注射Ad-BMP3诱导的BMP3过表达能够缓解AIA大鼠的滑膜炎症，BMP3通过调控FLS细胞功能在关节炎治疗中发挥核心作用。</p><fig position="float" id="F6"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.008.F006</object-id><label>图6</label><caption><title>腺病毒体内诱导BMP3过表达对AIA大鼠关节炎严重程度的影响   ×20</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 6</label><title>The effects of <italic>in vivo</italic> induction of BMP3 overexpression by adenovirus on the severity in AIA rats   ×20</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Changes in foot and claw morphology after administration of Ad-BMP3； B： Representative pictures of HE staining showing the effects of Ad-BMP3 on inflammatory cell infiltration in AIA synovial tissue； C： Representative pictures of IHC-BMP3 staining in synovium after administration of Ad-BMP3； D： Representative pictures showing bone destruction in the right hind paw of rats， imaged by Micro-CT.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F006.eps" id="Graphic6"><?fx-imagestate width="144.99166870" height="146.75555420"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F006.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="144.99166870" height="146.75555420"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/5D381089-E485-41c1-AF4C-382CE4352531-F006c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="144.99166870" height="146.75555420"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>RA是一种以慢性滑膜炎症、进行性关节破坏为特征的全身性自身免疫性疾病。其病理特征主要表现为滑膜组织异常增生、炎性细胞浸润以及血管翳形成，最终导致不可逆的关节损伤和功能障碍<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。在RA复杂的发病机制中，多种免疫细胞共同参与了疾病的发生发展过程，如T细胞、B细胞<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>、FLS细胞<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>。其中，活化的FLS细胞通过分泌大量促炎细胞因子（如IL-6、TNF-α）、趋化因子（如CCL2、CXCL8）、MMPs以及细胞黏附分子（如VCAM-1），不仅促进了局部炎症反应的持续放大，还直接参与了关节软骨和骨的侵蚀破坏<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>， <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>。尽管FLS细胞在RA发病中的关键作用已得到广泛认可，但目前对其异常活化的调控机制仍缺乏系统认识。因此，深入解析FLS细胞功能异常的分子机制，寻找特异性干预靶点，对RA的治疗具有重要意义。</p><p>BMP3作为成骨BMP家族的拮抗剂，在骨骼发育<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>和肿瘤<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>］</sup>发生中发挥多重调控作用，既往研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">17</xref>］</sup>报道其可抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖。本研究表明，AIA大鼠滑膜组织中BMP3表达低于正常组，提示BMP3可能参与关节炎的病理进程。BMP3的表达缺失程度与关节炎的严重程度呈负相关，提示BMP3可能作为重要的内源性保护因子参与关节炎的病理进程，这为理解BMP3在关节炎中的保护作用提供了新的临床证据。</p><p>在RA的发病机制中，多种促炎因子网络共同参与了疾病的发生发展。本研究表明，通过RNAi小干扰敲低BMP3表达后，AIA大鼠来源的FLS细胞表现出促炎表型：IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17A等关键炎症因子的mRNA表达水平上调，同时CCL2、CCL3等趋化因子及VCAM-1黏附分子的表达也增加。相反，BMP3过表达实验证实，过表达BMP3的表达水平可使这些炎症介质降低，能够缓解滑膜炎症。BMP3过表达不仅逆转了AIA FLS细胞的炎症反应，其抑制效果甚至使部分指标恢复至接近正常组水平，这些结果与沉默BMP3实验相互印证，共同证实BMP3通过调控FLS细胞的炎症反应参与关节炎的病理过程。关节腔注射Ad-BMP3不仅改善了AIA大鼠的关节肿胀和滑膜炎症，还使血清中IL-6、IL-1β等细胞因子水平下降。这些结果系统性地表明了BMP3通过调控FLS细胞的炎症反应参与RA的病理过程，其作用机制可能涉及对多个炎症相关信号通路的共同调控，为其临床应用提供了实验基础。</p><p>本研究表明，在RA病理微环境中BMP3低表达。通过Western blot和qRT-PCR分析显示，AIA大鼠滑膜组织中BMP3蛋白和mRNA表达水平低于正常组。免疫荧光染色进一步证实，BMP3的表达缺失主要定位于滑膜衬里层的活化FLS细胞区域。体外实验揭示这一现象可能与炎症因子网络的负反馈调节有关。这种双向调控关系提示，炎症微环境抑制BMP3表达，而BMP3的缺失又进一步促进炎症因子分泌，最终导致疾病持续进展。这一结果为理解RA慢性化的分子机制提供了新的理论依据。</p><p>本研究也存在一定的局限性。尽管通过体内外实验系统揭示了BMP3在AIA大鼠模型中抑制FLS细胞炎症反应的作用，但其具体作用机制有待进一步研究。此外，本研究使用的AIA模型虽能模拟RA的炎症和骨侵蚀特征，但其免疫机制与人类RA存在差异，因此，BMP3在人类RA中的具体作用仍需进一步验证，这将是未来进一步研究的方向。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Mueller</surname><given-names>A L</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Payandeh</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Mohammadkhani</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis： new treatment strategies</article-title>［J］. 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