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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V218刘鲜梅</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）03–0480–07</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.013</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 392.5</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>二甲双胍通过影响F-actin重构抑制未成熟树突状细胞的免疫功能</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metformin inhibits the immune functions of immature dendritic cells by regulating F-actin remodeling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>刘</surname><given-names>鲜梅</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Xianmei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>程</surname><given-names>芝梅</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>Zhimei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>周</surname><given-names>恩劼</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Enjie</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>隽永</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Juanyong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>金</surname><given-names>贻俊</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Yijun</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>周</surname><given-names>黎明</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Liming</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>许</surname><given-names>敏</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Min</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution>贵州医科大学附属医院介入科</institution>，<city>贵阳</city>  <postal-code>550004</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Interventional Radiology， Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University</institution>， <city>Guiyang</city>    <postal-code>550004</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Xu Min</named-content>， E-mail： <email>411327391@qq.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">刘鲜梅</named-content>，女，主治医师</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">许  敏</named-content>，男，副教授，副主任医师，硕士生导师，通信作者，E-mail： <email>411327391@qq.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-09T07：16：11"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>480</fpage><lpage>486</lpage><page-range>480-486</page-range><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探究二甲双胍对未成熟树突状细胞（imDCs）免疫功能的影响及机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>不同浓度二甲双胍处理小鼠骨髓来源的imDCs，通过细胞凋亡及细胞活性实验确定二甲双胍在本研究中的作用浓度和时间。用抗原内吞实验分析二甲双胍对imDCs抗原捕获能力的影响，并进一步利用流式细胞技术、激光共聚焦荧光显微镜及Western blot实验分析imDCs细胞表面的白细胞分化抗原205（CD205）的表达、纤维状肌动蛋白（F-actin）的含量及其调控机制。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>凋亡和细胞活性实验确定本研究中二甲双胍的处理浓度为1、2、4 mmol/L，处理时间为24 h。二甲双胍能抑制imDCs的抗原捕获能力，下调其细胞表面CD205的表达，抑制RhoA- ROCK1- LIMK1- Cofilin信号通路，影响F-actin的聚合，干扰imDCs细胞骨架的动态重构。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>二甲双胍能通过下调CD205的表达及扰乱F-actin重构抑制imDCs抗原捕获能力。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the effects of metformin on the immune functions of immature dendritic cells （imDCs） and the underlying mechanisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Mouse bone marrow-derived imDCs were treated with different concentrations of metformin. The working concentration and treatment time of metformin in this study were determined based on the results of cell apoptosis and cell viability assays. The effects of metformin on the phagocytic capacity of imDCs was evaluated using an antigen endocytosis assay. The expression of cluster of differentiation 205 （CD205）， the polymerization of filamentous actin （F-actin）， and the underlying regulatory mechanisms were investigated through flow cytometry， laser confocal fluorescence microscopy， and Western blot.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The working concentrations of metformin were 1， 2， 4 mmol/L for 24 h determined by the apoptosis and cell viability assays.Metformin significantly suppressed the phagocytic capacity of imDCs， down-regulated the expression of the mannose receptor CD205 on the cell surface， which was closely associated with phagocytic function； metformin inhibited the RhoA-ROCK1-LIMK1-Cofilin signaling pathway， which inhibited the polymerization of F-actin and disturbed its dynamic remodeling of imDCs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Metformin can inhibit the expression of CD205 and disrupt the remodeling of F-actin， thereby suppressing the antigen-capturing capacity of imDCs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>未成熟树突状细胞</kwd><kwd>二甲双胍</kwd><kwd>抗原捕获能力</kwd><kwd>F-actin重构</kwd><kwd>CD205</kwd><kwd>RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-Cofilin信号通路</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>immature dendritic cells</kwd><kwd>metformin</kwd><kwd>antigen capturing ability</kwd><kwd>F-actin remodeling</kwd><kwd>CD205</kwd><kwd>RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-Cofilin signaling pathway</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>贵州省科技计划项目（自然科学类）（编号：黔科合基础-ZK［2023］一般 402）</funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source>贵州医科大学附属医院博士启动基金项目</funding-source><award-id>gyfybsky-2023-04</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>贵州医科大学附属医院国家自然科学基金培育计划项目（地区基金）</funding-source><award-id>gyfynsfc［2023］-22</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>贵州省科技计划项目（自然科学类）（编号：黔科合基础-ZK［2023］一般 402）；贵州医科大学附属医院博士启动基金项目（编号：gyfybsky-2023-04）；贵州医科大学附属医院国家自然科学基金培育计划项目（地区基金）（编号：gyfynsfc［2023］-22）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Scientific and Technological Project of Guizhou Province （No. Qiankehe base-ZK［2023］ general 402）</funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University</funding-source><award-id>gyfybsky-2023-04</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation Incubation Plan of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University</funding-source><award-id>gyfynsfc［2023］-22</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Scientific and Technological Project of Guizhou Province （No. Qiankehe base-ZK［2023］ general 402）； Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University （No. gyfybsky-2023-04）； National Natural Science Foundation Incubation Plan of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University （No. gyfynsfc［2023］-22）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="4"/><table-count count="0"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="15"/><page-count count="7"/><word-count count="15599"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25070</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-25T11:06:25</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>自身免疫性疾病（autoimmune disease， AID）是机体的免疫平衡被打破，免疫反应过度增强引起的疾病状态。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>表明，二甲双胍能显著抑制AID组织微环境内的高炎症状态，缓解AID动物的临床症状，表明二甲双胍具有显著的抗炎作用，可能在AID中有积极的治疗作用和应用潜力，但仍需要更多的研究证据支撑。</p><p>树突状细胞（dendritic cells， DCs）是体内功能最为强大的专职抗原提呈细胞，包括未成熟树突状细胞（immature DCs， imDCs）和成熟树突状细胞（mature DCs， mDCs）两个功能状态<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>。imDCs发挥抗原捕获作用，捕获抗原后，imDCs发育为mDCs，具有强大的抗原提呈能力，刺激T细胞活化及向不同的亚群分化，介导适应性免疫应答<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>。imDCs对抗原的有效摄取是启动DCs活化成熟并有效激活适应性免疫应答的先决条件。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>表明，DCs的过度激活与AID发生发展呈正相关<sup> </sup>。二甲双胍在AID中的抗炎作用是否是通过抑制imDCs抗原捕获能力，进而阻碍DCs分化成熟来实现的仍不清楚。本研究旨在探究二甲双胍对imDCs的抗原摄取能力的影响及其机制，为理解二甲双胍的抗炎作用机制提供理论依据。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>主要试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">盐酸二甲双胍（货号：IM0140）购自北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司；重组小鼠粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor，rmGM-CSF）（货号：315-03）、重组小鼠白细胞介素4（recombinant mouse interleukin 4，rmIL- 4）（货号：214-14）购自美国Peprotech公司；HyClone RPMI 1640培养基（货号：SH30027.01）购自美国Cytiva公司；Gibco胎牛血清（货号：A5256701）购自美国赛默飞世尔公司；青霉素-链霉素（货号：P1400）、红细胞裂解液（货号：R1010）、CCK-8试剂盒（货号：CA1210）、4%PFA（货号：P1110）、10×多聚赖氨酸（货号：P2100）、抗荧光衰减封片剂（含DAPI）（货号：S2110）、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒（货号：PC0020）购自北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司；RIPA裂解液（货号：MA0152）、凋亡试剂盒（货号：MA0220）购自大连美伦生物技术有限公司；FITC-dextrans（40 ku）（货号：HY-172163B）、罗丹明-鬼笔环肽（货号：HY-K0903）购自上海MEC公司；BD流式抗体BV421-CD205（货号：566376）购自上海优宁维生物科技股份有限公司；RhoA抗体（货号：ab87027）、ROCK1抗体（货号：ab45171）购自英国Abcam抗体公司；LIMK1抗体（货号：HA723020）购自杭州华安生物技术有限公司；Cofilin抗体（货号：66057-1-Ig）购自武汉Proteintech公司；磷酸化LIMK1（p-LIMK1）抗体（货号：AP0387）、HRP-GAPDH抗体（货号：AC054）购自武汉爱博泰克公司；磷酸化Cofilin（p-Cofilin）抗体（货号：3313）购自美国CST抗体公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>动物及伦理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">C57BL/6J小鼠20只，体质量（20±3） g，雄性6～8周龄，SPF级，购自贵州医科大学动物中心，所有动物根据贵州医科大学动物伦理委员会批准的动物实验指南的要求进行处理。伦理审批号为：2201198。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>方法</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>小鼠骨髓来源的 DCs的体外培养</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取6～8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠共20只，行颈椎脱臼法处死后放入75%的乙醇中消毒5～10 min，无菌术取出股骨及胫骨，剥除肌肉组织，剪去骨的两端，用1 mL注射器吸取无菌PBS反复冲洗骨髓腔直至骨变白。用吸管吹打冲洗下来的骨髓至完全分散，过无菌200目滤网去除杂质及组织碎片获得骨髓细胞悬液，1 000 r/min离心5 min，去上清液。以1∶10的体积加入红细胞裂解液，室温放置2～4 min裂解红细胞，然后加入含10% FBS的RPMI1640终止裂解，洗涤2次后获得骨髓细胞。以2×10<sup>6</sup>个/mL的细胞浓度重悬于RPMI1640完全培养基（RPMI1640 + 10%胎牛血清 + 1%青霉素-链霉素）中，加入20 ng/mL rmGM-CSF和10 ng/mL rmIL-4，置于CO<sub>2</sub>培养箱中培养，隔日半量换液并加入相应的细胞因子，至第7天收集悬浮细胞即为imDCs。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>CCK-8试剂盒检测imDCs的细胞活性</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">收集imDCs，调整细胞浓度为1×10<sup>6</sup>个/mL，加到96孔细胞培养板中，每孔80 μL细胞悬液，加入二甲双胍（0、1、2、4、8 mmol/L）及用PBS补齐体积后，总体积100 μL。0 mmol/L组为对照组，1、2、4、8 mmol/L组为处理组，不加细胞的完全培养基（100 μL/孔）作为空白组，每次实验每组3个重复。二甲双胍处理24 h后，每孔加入CCK-8溶液10 μL，放入37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2</sub>培养箱中孵育4 h，酶标仪检测450 nm <italic>A</italic>值，计算细胞活力［细胞活性（%）=（处理组<italic>A</italic>值－空白组<italic>A</italic>值）/（对照组<italic>A</italic> 值－空白组<italic>A</italic>值）×100%］，进行统计分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>细胞凋亡测定</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">二甲双胍（0、1、2、4、8 mmol/L）处理imDCs 24 h后，收集细胞，用预冷的PBS洗涤2次，根据凋亡试剂盒的操作方法分别加入10 μL Annexin V-FITC和5 μL PI，轻轻混匀，室温避光孵育15 min后，上流式细胞仪检测，用Flow Jo软件对数据进行分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>imDCs的内吞能力检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">不同浓度的二甲双胍（0、1、2、4 mmol/L）处理imDCs，标记组别（后续实验组别同此）为：imDC+M0、imDC+M1、imDC+M2、imDC+M4，处理24 h后收集细胞，调整每组细胞浓度为1×10<sup>6</sup>个/mL。将每组细胞悬液加入24孔细胞培养板，每孔0.5 mL，再加入0.5 mL FITC-Dextrans（终浓度为1 mg/mL），混匀后，放入37 ℃细胞培养箱中孵育2 h，同时设置未加颗粒组作为阴性对照。取另一24孔细胞培养板，加入细胞悬液，每孔0.5 mL，放置在冰上让细胞预冷30 min，然后加入0.5 mL FITC-Dextrans（终浓度为1 mg/mL），混匀后，继续置于冰上孵育2 h。孵育结束后，收集细胞至1.5 mL EP管置于冰上，加入4% PFA 500 μL固定细胞10 min，用PBS洗涤细胞2次，用预冷的PBS 300～500 μL重悬细胞后上流式细胞仪检测，用Flow Jo软件对数据进行分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.5</label><title>流式细胞技术检测CD205的表达</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">收集二甲双胍（0、1、2、4 mmol/L）处理后的imDCs，用PBS洗涤细胞2次，500 μL 4% PFA固定细胞10 min。然后再用PBS洗涤细胞2次，弃上清液后用1% BSA（100 μL）重悬细胞，加入BV421-CD205抗体，混匀后，室温孵育20 min。孵育结束后用PBS洗涤细胞2次，最后一次弃上清液后，用预冷PBS 300～500 μL重悬细胞。流式细胞仪检测，结果通过Flow Jo软件进行分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b6"><label>1.2.6</label><title>激光共聚焦荧光显微镜检测imDCs内的纤维状肌动蛋白（filamentous actin，F-actin）和细胞形态</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">无菌盖玻片置于6孔培养板中，在37 ℃条件下，用1 mg/mL的多聚赖氨酸包被盖玻片30 min。收集二甲双胍（0、4 mmol/L）处理后的imDCs，调整每组细胞浓度为1×10<sup>6</sup>个/mL，往6孔板中（含盖玻片）加入细胞悬液0.5 mL，37 ℃的细胞培养箱中孵育1 h，吸弃细胞悬液，然后用PBS轻轻洗涤盖玻片2次，去除未贴壁的细胞。imDCs经固定（4% PFA，15 min）、透膜（0.1% TritonX-100，5 min）、封闭（1% BSA，20 min）后，用罗丹明标记鬼笔环肽工作液（用PBS，1∶200）对F-actin染色，室温避光孵育20 min。然后用PBS轻轻洗涤2次，用含荧光淬灭剂的DAPI工作液封片，透明指甲油固定后用激光共聚焦荧光显微镜摄取图片（拍摄过程中保证两组细胞的荧光强度和曝光时间一致）。用ImageJ软件对细胞的F-actin荧光强度和铺展面积进行分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b7"><label>1.2.7</label><title>流式细胞技术检测imDCs的F-actin含量</title><p>收集二甲双胍（0、4 mmol/L）处理后的imDCs，PBS洗涤细胞2次，4%多聚甲醛固定细胞10 min后，用0.1% Triton X-100透膜5 min，再用PBS洗涤细胞2次。每组细胞中加入鬼笔环肽工作液（用1% BSA，1∶100）100 μL重悬细胞，混匀后，室温孵育20 min。孵育结束后，PBS洗涤细胞2次，再用预冷的PBS 300～500 μL重悬细胞，上流式细胞仪检测，结果通过Flow Jo软件进行分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b8"><label>1.2.8</label><title>蛋白提取及Western blot实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">收集二甲双胍（0、1、2、4 mmol/L）处理后的imDCs，用含蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA蛋白裂解液裂解细胞，在12 000 r/min、4 °C下离心10 min，收集上清液，即为提取到的总蛋白。用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒定量蛋白浓度，95 ℃以上水浴5 min，使蛋白变性。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离蛋白成分，并转移到0.45 μm的PVDF膜上，5%的脱脂奶粉封闭1 h后，抗兔-RhoA、ROCK1、p-LIMK1/LIMK1、p-Confilin/Confilin、GAPDH抗体（一抗）4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST洗涤后于室温孵育HRP标记的二抗1 h，再用TBST洗涤3次，Genesys扫描仪扫描曝光，条带灰度值用ImageJ分析。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">所有实验数据均等于或大于3次独立生物学重复。实验结果以均数±标准差（<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula><italic>±s</italic>）的形式表示，两组间比较采用配对<italic>t</italic>-test对数据进行统计学分析，多组间的比较采用单因素方差分析。利用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件对数据进行分析及统计图绘制，以<italic>P</italic>0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>二甲双胍对imDCs凋亡和细胞活性的影响</title><p>在进行细胞功能实验之前，本研究先用凋亡试剂盒和CCK-8试剂盒检测二甲双胍对DCs细胞活力和凋亡的影响，以确定二甲双胍的使用浓度和处理时间。结果显示，二甲双胍（1、2、4、8 mmol/L）处理24 h对imDCs的凋亡无明显影响（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>B，<italic>P</italic>0.05），但8 mmol/L的二甲双胍处理imDCs 24 h使其细胞活性显著下降，处理48 h后，在各浓度条件下imDCs的细胞活性均出现显著下降（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>C，<italic>P</italic>0.05，<italic>P</italic>0.01）。因此，本研究在后续的实验中确定二甲双胍的使用浓度为1、2、4 mmol/L，处理时间为24 h。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>二甲双胍对imDCs凋亡及细胞活性的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 1</label><title>The effects of metformin on the cell apoptosis and viabilities of imDCs</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： The diagram of Flow cytometry；B： The corresponding statistical graph，<italic>n</italic>= 3； C： Cell viabilities analysis of imDCs treated by metformin at different concentrations for 24 or 48 h，<italic>n</italic>= 5； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01 <italic>vs</italic> imDC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="155.22222900" height="87.13611603"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="155.22222900" height="87.13611603"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="155.22222900" height="87.13611603"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>二甲双胍对imDCs的内吞能力和CD205的表达的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">imDCs分布在外周组织，其主要免疫功能是负责抗原摄取和抗原加工。本研究比较分析了不同浓度二甲双胍（0、1、2、4 mmol/L）处理后的imDCs对FITC-dextrans颗粒的内吞能力，结果显示，二甲双胍使imDCs的内吞能力以浓度依赖的方式显著下降（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>A，<italic>P</italic>0.05，<italic>P</italic>0.01，<italic>P</italic>0.000 1）。CD205是一种细胞膜糖蛋白，在imDCs的细胞表面高表达，与imDCs的抗原捕获能力密切相关。因此，本研究进一步用流式细胞技术检测了二甲双胍处理前后的imDCs细胞表面CD205的表达，显示4 mmol/L的二甲双胍使imDCs中的CD205的表达显著下降（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>B，<italic>P</italic>0.05），提示二甲双胍能通过下调imDCs细胞表面CD205的表达使imDCs内吞能力下降。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>二甲双胍对imDCs内吞能力及CD205的表达的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 2</label><title>The effects of metformin on the endocytosis abilities of imDCs and the expression of CD205</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： FITC-dextran endocytosis abilities of imDCs was measured by flow cytometry， <italic>n </italic>= 5； B： The expression of CD205 on imDCs treated with 4 mmol/L metformin and their fluorescence intensity and positive rate were detected by flow cytometry， <italic>n</italic> = 3；<sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01，<sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic>0.000 1 <italic>vs </italic>imDC+M0 group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="137.23054504" height="166.51109314"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="137.23054504" height="166.51109314"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="137.23054504" height="166.51109314"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>二甲双胍对imDCs的F-actin含量的影响</title><p>imDCs的细胞骨架重构在维持imDCs正常的抗原捕获过程中发挥重要的调控作用。基于前述实验结果，二甲双胍严重损伤了imDCs的抗原捕获能力。本研究进一步检测了二甲双胍对imDCs的细胞形态和F-actin含量的影响。激光共聚焦荧光显微镜结果显示，二甲双胍对imDCs的细胞形态和铺展面积没有影响（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>B，<italic>P</italic>0.05），但使imDCs的F-actin的平均荧光强度明显减弱（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>C，<italic>P</italic>0.001），提示二甲双胍能使imDCs内的F-actin含量下降。同时，流式细胞技术检测结果显示，在4 mmol/L的处理浓度下，二甲双胍使imDCs的F-actin含量明显减少（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>D、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>E，<italic>P</italic>0.05）。这些结果表明，二甲双胍能促进imDCs内F-actin的解聚。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>二甲双胍对imDCs的F-actin含量的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 3</label><title>The effects of metformin on the F-actin content of imDCs</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Images of imDCs captured by confocal laser fluorescence microscope；B： The analysis of the imDCs′ spreading area， counted cells： <italic>n</italic> = 100；C： The mean fluorescence intensity analysis of F-actin in imDCs， counted cells： <italic>n</italic> = 100； D： The diagram of Flow cytometry；E： The corresponding statistical graph， <italic>n</italic> = 5；<sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>imDC+M0 group；<sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs</italic> imDC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="163.33610535" height="127.70555115"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="163.33610535" height="127.70555115"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="163.33610535" height="127.70555115"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>二甲双胍对RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-Cofilin信号通路的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">F-actin的动态重构受到细胞骨架结合蛋白复杂而有序的调控，其中RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-Confilin通路参与调控F-actin的聚合和解聚。本研究结果显示，4 mmol/L二甲双胍使imDCs内的RhoA和ROCK1的表达显著下降（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>C和<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>D，<italic>P</italic>0.05），抑制LIMK1和Cofilin的磷酸化，即p-LIMK1/LIMK1 和p-Cofilin/Cofilin下降（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>B、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>E和<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>F，<italic>P</italic>0.05）。切割蛋白Cofilin（非磷酸化）的主要功能是将G-actin从F-actin上切割下来，导致F-actin的解聚。这些结果表明，二甲双胍能抑制imDCs的RhoA-ROCK1- LIMK1-Cofilin信号通路，使其F-actin解聚增多，干扰imDCs的细胞骨架的正常重构，这可能也是二甲双胍使imDCs吞噬能力受损的原因。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>二甲双胍对imDCs的RhoA-ROCK1-LIMK1-Cofilin信号通路的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>The effects of metformin on the RhoA-ROCK1-LIMK1-Cofilin signaling pathway in imDCs</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A，B： Western blot was performed to detect the expression of RhoA，ROCK1，p-LIMK1，LIMK1，p-Cofilin and Cofilin； C-F： The corresponding statistical graphs，<italic>n</italic>= 3 or 4； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>imDC+M0<italic> </italic>group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="76.19999695"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="76.19999695"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/0F40CCCF-A251-4bbf-BC59-5D33349E860C-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="76.19999695"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>在AID的发病机制中，DCs的异常活化（mDCs增多）是促进自身反应性T细胞（Th1、Th17等）分化增殖的重要原因<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。mDCs通过高表达MHC-II分子及共刺激分子（如CD80/CD86），异常提呈自身抗原，驱动Th17细胞分化，同时抑制调节性T细胞（regulatory T cells， Tregs）的分化增殖及功能，使Th17/Tregs失衡导致组织内高炎症状态，促进靶器官损伤<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。这表明，DCs在促进AID的发生发展过程中发挥不可忽视的作用。有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>表明，二甲双胍能显著抑制AID组织微环境的高炎症状态，其中大多数研究关注的是二甲双胍对T细胞亚群（Th1、T17、Tregs等）的直接调控作用，而忽视了DCs在激活T细胞并介导T细胞向不同亚群分化中的作用，故而极少研究二甲双胍对DCs的直接靶向作用。本课题组前期的研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>表明，二甲双胍能抑制DCs的分化成熟，诱导其向免疫耐受表型转化，介导Tregs分化增殖。且有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>表明，在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎和类风湿关节炎模型中，清除过度活化的DCs可显著减轻疾病严重程度。由此可见，二甲双胍也可能通过调控DCs的表型功能在AID中发挥抗炎作用。</p><p>imDCs捕获抗原是其活化并向免疫原性表型（mDCs）转化的关键始动环节。未接受抗原刺激或不能有效摄取抗原情况下，imDCs不表达或低表达MHC-II和共刺激分子（CD80、CD86、CD40），它们不能刺激T细胞活化，而是通过诱导T细胞失能或T<sub>regs</sub>增多来发挥介导免疫耐受的作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>。基于此，本研究探索了二甲双胍对imDCs的抗原摄取能力影响，解析其与DCs分化成熟抑制的相关性。受体介导的内吞作用是imDCs捕获抗原的主要方式之一<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>。通过内吞实验，本研究表明，二甲双胍能显著抑制imDCs的抗原摄取能力。同时，二甲双胍还能显著下调imDCs表面的CD205的表达，一种与DCs内吞抗原相关的甘露糖受体<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。这些研究结果提示，二甲双胍能抑制DCs活化的始动环节——imDCs对抗原的有效摄取，影响imDCs向mDCs的发育成熟及其免疫功能，进而不能有效刺激自身反应性T细胞的分化增殖及激活促炎性免疫反应，在AID中发挥抗炎作用。</p><p>ImDCs内吞抗原的过程受到细胞骨架（F-actin）的动态重构调控，包括从抗原识别到吞噬杯、胞饮杯的形成及闭合，再到吞噬体或胞饮体形成等的系列动态过程<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>表明，二甲双胍能通过激活AMPK调节Rho家族小G蛋白的活性，调控F-actin的动态重构，继而影响细胞的生物学功能。Cofilin是一种F-actin切割蛋白，包括功能失活的磷酸化（p-Cofilin）和有生物功能的非磷酸化（Cofilin）状态，受到RhoA-ROCK-LIMK信号通路的调控。Cofilin能将肌动蛋白单体（ G-actin） 从 F-actin 的负极上游离下来，促进F-actin解聚，因此，p-Cofilin与Cofilin的比值越小，F-actin解聚越多<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>。本研究表明，二甲双胍能明显抑制imDCs内RhoA-ROCK1-p-LIMK1/LIMK1-p-Cofilin/Cofilin信号通路，使p-Cofilin/Cofilin下降，促进F-actin解聚，使F-actin含量显著减少。这表明，二甲双胍能扰乱imDCs内F-actin的动态重构，可能影响imDCs摄取抗原过程中“吞噬杯”和“吞噬体”的形成以及抗原向胞内内陷等过程，使其内吞能力下降。当然，其中更深层次的调控作用和机制还需要进一步的研究。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation 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