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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V177张焕臻</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）03–0509–09</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.017</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 587</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>KLF4调控糖尿病肾病铁死亡的作用机制</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanism of KLF4 in regulating ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>张</surname><given-names>焕臻</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Huanzhen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>但</surname><given-names>章勇</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dan</surname><given-names>Zhangyong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>施</surname><given-names>晓蕊</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Xiaorui</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>朱</surname><given-names>如梦</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>Rumeng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>怡</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Yi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor2"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>朱</surname><given-names>华庆</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>Huaqing</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>安徽医科大学生物化学与分子生物学教研室，分子生物学实验室</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology， Laboratory of Molecular Biology，  Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>    <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>安徽医科大学生命科学学院微生物与生物工程系</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Microbial Bioengineering，  School of Life Sciences， Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>    <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">张焕臻</named-content>，女，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">朱华庆</named-content>，男，教授，博士生导师，通信作者，E-mail： <email>aydzhq@126.com</email></p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna3"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">王  怡</named-content>，女，博士，讲师，通信作者，E-mail： <email>wangyi@ahmu.edu.cn</email></p></fn><corresp id="cor1" xml:lang="en"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Zhu Huaqing</named-content>， E-mail：<email>aydzhq@126.com</email></corresp><corresp id="cor2" xml:lang="en"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Wang Yi</named-content>， E-mail ： <email>wangyi@ahmu.edu.cn</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-09T08：39：36"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>509</fpage><lpage>517</lpage><page-range>509-517</page-range><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>研究Krüppel样因子4（KLF4）在1型糖尿病肾病（DN）中的作用及相关机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>实验选取16只SD雄性大鼠，随机将其分为对照组与模型组，每组各8只。模型组大鼠予以单次腹腔注射55 mg/kg链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备DN模型，对照组于同一时间注射等体积枸橼酸钠缓冲液。模型构建成功后，测定血清中尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（SCR）水平，并对肾脏组织进行HE染色，以观察其病理学改变；免疫荧光染色检测肾脏组织内KLF4的表达情况；丙二醛（MDA）、Fe<sup>2+</sup>实验观察其脂质过氧化水平；构建高糖（HG）诱导的肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）损伤模型，四氯四乙基苯并咪唑基羰花青碘化物（JC-1）检测HK-2细胞线粒体膜电位变化；MDA、Fe<sup>2+</sup>及脂质过氧化物实验检测HK-2细胞脂质过氧化水平；构建过表达<italic>KLF4</italic> HK-2细胞，检测JC-1、MDA、Fe<sup>2+</sup>及脂质过氧化物表达水平变化。 Western blot检测肾脏组织、HK-2细胞及过表达<italic>KLF4</italic> HK-2细胞内铁死亡相关蛋白：谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）、核因子E2相关因子2 （NRF2）、Kelch样ECH相关蛋白-1 （Keap1）表达水平。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>与对照组相比，模型组大鼠血清BUN、SCR水平升高，肾小球体积增大，肾间质纤维化， KLF4表达水平下降，MDA、Fe<sup>2+</sup>及脂质过氧化物水平上升，NRF2、GPX4表达水平降低，Keap1表达水平升高。同时，HG诱导的HK-2细胞也出现KLF4表达水平下降，MDA、Fe<sup>2+</sup>及脂质过氧化物水平上升，GPX4、NRF2表达水平降低，Keap1表达水平升高。而在过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>后，则可逆转HG诱导的上述变化。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>在1型糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织中，KLF4表达下降，铁死亡水平上升，过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>可缓解HG诱导的HK-2损伤。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 （KLF4） in type 1 diabetic nephropathy （DN） and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were selected and randomly divided into control group and model group， with 8 rats in each group. Rats in model group were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin （STZ） to establish a diabetic nephropathy （DN） model， while those in control group were injected with an equal volume of sodium citrate buffer at the same time. After successful model establishment， the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （SCR） were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed on renal tissues to observe pathological changes， and immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the expression of KLF4 in renal tissues. Lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde （MDA）， Fe²⁺， and lipid peroxidation products in rat kidneys. A high glucose （HG）-induced cell injury model was established in HK-2 cells， with mitochondrial membrane potential assessed using 5，5'，6，6'-tetrachloro-1，1'，3，3'- tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide （JC-1） staining. Lipid peroxidation levels （MDA， Fe²⁺， and lipid peroxides） were measured in HK-2 cells.<italic>KLF4</italic>-overexpressing HK-2 cells were then constructed， followed by repeated JC-1， MDA， Fe²⁺， and lipid peroxidation assays. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins including glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （NRF2）， and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， in renal tissues， HK-2 cells， and <italic>KLF4</italic>-overexpressing HK-2 cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared with the control group， DN rats exhibited elevated serum BUN and SCR levels， glomerular hypertrophy， renal interstitial fibrosis， and decreased KLF4 expression. Additionally， MDA， Fe²⁺， and lipid peroxidation levels increased， indicating enhanced ferroptosis in renal tissues， accompanied by reduced GPX4 and NRF2 expression and elevated Keap1 levels. Similarly， HG-treated HK-2 cells showed decreased KLF4 expression， increased MDA， Fe²⁺ and lipid peroxidation， elevated ferroptosis， and dysregulated GPX4/NRF2/Keap1 expression. However， <italic>KLF4</italic> overexpression reversed these alterations induced by high glucose treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>In the renal tissues of type 1 diabetic rats， the expression of KLF4 decreases the level of ferroptosis increases， and <italic>KLF4</italic> overexpression could alleviate HG-induced HK-2 cell injury.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>糖尿病肾病</kwd><kwd>KLF4</kwd><kwd>铁死亡</kwd><kwd>Keap1</kwd><kwd>NRF2</kwd><kwd>GPX4</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>diabetic nephropathy</kwd><kwd>KLF4</kwd><kwd>ferroptosis</kwd><kwd>Keap1</kwd><kwd>NRF2</kwd><kwd>GPX4</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>82170484</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目</funding-source><award-id>202004bll020025</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目</funding-source><award-id>KJ2021A0247</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：82170484）；安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目（编号：202004bll020025）；安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目（编号：KJ2021A0247）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Fund programs  National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>82170484</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province</funding-source><award-id>202004bll020025</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee</funding-source><award-id>KJ2021A0247</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Fund programs  National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 82170484）； Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province （No. 202004bll020025）； Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee （No. KJ2021A0247）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="14"/><table-count count="0"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="13"/><page-count count="9"/><word-count count="16717"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25070</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-25T11:19:16</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy， DN）是糖尿病最常见的严重微血管并发症之一，以持续性蛋白尿、肾小球滤过率降低和肾脏纤维化为特征性病理表现<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。在糖尿病病程中，长期高血糖状态可导致肾脏微血管结构损伤与肾单位功能进行性减退，约20%～40%的糖尿病患者最终可进展为终末期肾病（end stage renal disease， ESRD）。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>显示，糖尿病常伴随氧化应激失衡、铁代谢异常及脂质过氧化增强等表现，而抑制铁死亡发生可显著减少足细胞及肾小管上皮细胞HK-2的死亡，缓解肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化进程<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>。而Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1（Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1，Keap1）/核因子E2相关因子2（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2，NRF2）/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（glutathione peroxidase 4，GPX4）轴是糖尿病氧化应激-铁死亡损伤的核心调控枢纽，若此通路调控异常会导致抗氧化防御机制减弱，并解除铁死亡抑制机制<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>，进而加速肾脏发生病变。</p><p>Krüppel样因子4（Krüppel-like factor 4，KLF4）隶属于Krüppel样转录因子家族，其分子结构中含有锌指结构域，广泛参与调控细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等生物学过程以及干细胞多能性维持和组织稳态调控，其在细胞命运调控中扮演核心角色<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。目前KLF4在DN中的作用及机制尚未见报道，故该实验以糖尿病大鼠为研究对象，探究KLF4在DN中的作用及相关机制。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>实验动物</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">16只SPF级SD雄性大鼠由河南斯克贝斯生物科技股份有限公司提供，饲养于安徽医科大学实验动物中心SPF级环境中，温度（20±2）℃，相对湿度40%～70%，采用12 h光照/12 h黑暗交替的光周期。所有实验动物的饲养与操作均遵循安徽省实验动物饲养与使用管理规范。［实验动物使用许可证编号：SYXK（皖）2020-001，生产许可证编号：SCXK（豫）2020-0005，伦理批号：LLSC20230983］。</p></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>实验细胞</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">HK-2细胞在含有10% FBS和1%青霉素和链霉素的低葡萄糖F12（LG），温度为37 ℃，湿度为95%，CO<sub>2</sub> 为5%的环境中生长。此外，对于基因过表达，根据制造商的方案，使用KLF4 OERNA预转染HK-2细胞。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>主要化学品和试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">JC-1检测试剂盒（货号：#CT0045）购自北京兰杰柯科技有限公司；尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen，BUN）检测试剂盒（货号：#C013-2-1）、肌酐（serum creatinine，SCR）检测试剂盒（货号：#C011-2-1）购自南京建成生物工程研究所；F12细胞培养液购自上海逍鹏生物科技有限公司；青霉素-链霉素溶液（货号：#ST488S）、蛋白酶抑制剂（phenyl methane sulfonyl fluoride，PMSF）（货号：#P1005）、MDA检测试剂盒（货号：#S0131S）、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒（货号：#P0011）购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司；OE-KLF4慢病毒液购自上海和元生物技术有限公司；胎牛血清（fetal bovine serum，FBS）（货号：#086-150）购自南京维森特生物技术有限公司；Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度检测试剂盒（货号：#E-BC-K773-M）购自武汉Elabscience公司；链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin，STZ）（货号：#S0130）购自美国Sigma公司；Anti-Keap1（货号：#8047）、Anti-NRF2（货号：#12721）、Anti-GPX4（货号：#59735）抗体购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司；山羊抗大鼠IGG-HRP（货号：#sc-2006）、山羊抗兔IGG-HRP（货号：#sc-2004）购自美国Santa Cruz公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>方法</title><sec id="s1d1"><label>1.4.1</label><title>动物模型构建</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">16只SPF级SD雄性大鼠，体质量（230±20）g，适应性饲养1周后，随机分为对照组和模型组，每组8只。大鼠于8周龄时进行糖尿病模型构建，禁食不禁水14～16 h后，以55 mg/kg剂量进行STZ单次腹腔注射，注射3 h后恢复饮食；对照组大鼠同步腹腔注射等体积枸橼酸钠缓冲液，造模5 d后，对大鼠进行连续2次随机血糖检测，以血糖值≥16.7 mmol/L且伴多尿、多饮及体质量下降作为糖尿病模型成功的标准。</p></sec><sec id="s1d2"><label>1.4.2</label><title>BUN和SCR测定</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">BUN检测：按试剂盒说明书配制检测体系，于640 nm波长测定样本吸光度，参照试剂盒标准曲线计算尿素氮含量；SCR检测：按试剂盒说明书配制检测体系，最终依据试剂盒提供的计算公式推算肌酐浓度。</p></sec><sec id="s1d3"><label>1.4.3</label><title>细胞模型构建</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为了构建糖尿病体外细胞模型，HK-2细胞在含有 30 mmol/L葡萄糖、10 % FBS和1 % 青霉素和链霉素的高葡萄糖 F12（HG）中培养24 h。使用KLF4 OERNA预转染HK-2细胞，构建过表达<italic>KLF4</italic> HK-2细胞后，同样置于HG条件下处理24 h。</p></sec><sec id="s1d4"><label>1.4.4</label><title>脂质过氧化检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">移除原有培养基，使用PBS缓冲液漂洗细胞。在培养皿中加入1 mL含5 μmol/L硼二吡咯亚甲基荧光探针（BODIPY 581/591 C11）染色液。将样本置于细胞培养箱中孵育30 min。完成染色程序后，用PBS冲洗，采用激光共聚焦显微镜（激发波长581 nm/发射波长591 nm）实施细胞内活性氧介导的脂质过氧化检测。</p></sec><sec id="s1d5"><label>1.4.5</label><title>JC-1检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">弃去培养皿中原有培养基，用PBS缓冲液轻柔洗涤细胞，加入500 μL细胞培养液。培养皿中加入500 μL JC-1染色工作液，混匀后置于37 ℃细胞培养箱中孵育20 min。 孵育期间，按JC-1染色缓冲液（5×）与蒸馏水1∶4的体积比配制1×缓冲液，置于冰浴中备用。孵育结束后，用预冷的1×JC-1染色缓冲液洗涤细胞，加入多聚甲醛溶液室温固定5～10 min，随后用PBS缓冲液洗涤。加入DAPI溶液进行细胞核染色，37 ℃避光孵育10 min，PBS缓冲液洗涤后，加入1 mL细胞培养液。激光共聚焦显微镜下观察荧光信号。</p></sec><sec id="s1d6"><label>1.4.6</label><title>Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">称取0.1 g液氮速冻肾脏组织样本，于冰浴条件下加入0.9 mL预冷组织裂解缓冲液，匀浆后转移至1.5 mL低温离心管，离心10 min。随后按试剂盒说明书配制检测体系，使用酶标仪在593 nm波长下检测，基于建立的标准曲线计算产物浓度。</p></sec><sec id="s1d7"><label>1.4.7</label><title>MDA含量检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">称取等质量液氮速冻肾脏组织样本，每0.1 g肾脏组织加入1 mL RIPA裂解液（含1 mmol/L PMSF），匀浆后收集上清液，取8 μL用BCA法进行标准化定量。随后按试剂盒说明书配制检测体系，使用酶标仪于532 nm波长处测定吸光度值，通过标准曲线方程计算组织样本中MDA含量。</p></sec><sec id="s1d8"><label>1.4.8</label><title>HE和免疫荧光染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">肾脏组织蜡块切片脱蜡后，按常规方法进行HE染色，使用共聚焦显微镜拍照并保存。对于KLF4的免疫荧光染色，肾脏冰冻切片完成脱水预处理后，浸没于多聚甲醛溶液中室温固定30 min。经PBS缓冲液洗涤后，滴加山羊血清封闭液，于37 ℃恒温箱中孵育20 min。随后移除封闭液，加入KLF4特异性一抗工作液，4 ℃孵育过夜。PBS缓冲液洗涤切片，加入对应种属二抗，于37 ℃避光环境下孵育1 h。二抗孵育结束后，PBS洗涤，滴加DAPI核染色液，37 ℃避光染色10 min。结束后，用PBST洗涤，滴加抗荧光淬灭剂封片，使用激光共聚焦显微镜观察及拍照。</p></sec><sec id="s1d9"><label>1.4.9</label><title>Western blot检测蛋白表达</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取等质量液氮速冻的肾脏组织样本，按每0.1 g组织加入1 mL 含1 mmol/L PMSF的RIPA裂解液，使用冷冻研磨仪进行机械匀浆。采用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定蛋白浓度，调整蛋白浓度一致并均一化处理。配制10 % SDS-PAGE凝胶，各泳道加入等体积的蛋白样本电泳，电泳结束后将蛋白转移至PVDF膜。快速封闭液室温封闭30 min。4 ℃摇床与对应一抗（1∶1 000）孵育过夜。次日，用TBST缓冲液洗膜，加入对应种属的二抗（1∶5 000）室温孵育2 h，孵育完成后，TBST缓冲液洗涤膜，配置显影液显影。使用ChemiDoc<sup>TM</sup> Touch成像系统采集图像。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1e"><label>1.5</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析，实验结果用<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula><italic>±s</italic>表示，组间比较用单因素方差分析，以<italic>P</italic>0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>模型组大鼠肾功能SCR、BUN水平的变化</title><p>与对照组相比，模型组BUN、SCR（DN模型构建成功后，继续饲养16周后取血清检测）水平均有增高（<italic>P</italic>0.01）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>大鼠血清BUN及SCR水平变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>Changes in serum BUN and SCR levels in rats</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>a： Control group； b： Model group； <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>  0.01 <italic>vs</italic> Control group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="67.73333740" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="67.73333740" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="67.73333740" height="42.33333206"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>HE染色结果</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">对照组肾小球结构正常，毛细血管内皮细胞排列整齐，肾小管细胞形态正常，无空泡变性、坏死，无扩张或萎缩，肾间质无明显炎性细胞浸润；模型组出现肾小球体积增大，内皮细胞排列紊乱，肾小管出现空泡变性，肾小管扩张或萎缩，肾间质可见炎性细胞浸润。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>大鼠肾脏HE染色结果   ×100</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>The results of HE staining of rat kidneys   ×100</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="75.14166260" height="28.22222519"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="75.14166260" height="28.22222519"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="75.14166260" height="28.22222519"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>模型组大鼠肾脏组织KLF4表达情况</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">免疫荧光结果显示，与对照组相比，模型组KLF4绿色荧光强度显著弱于对照组。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>大鼠肾脏组织免疫荧光KLF4表达水平变化   ×400</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.3</label><title>Changes in the expression level of KLF4 in rat kidney tissues detected by immunofluorescence   ×400</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="79.02222443" height="53.26945114"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="79.02222443" height="53.26945114"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="79.02222443" height="53.26945114"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>模型组大鼠肾脏铁死亡相关MDA含量与Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与对照组相比，模型组MDA含量增加（<italic>P</italic>0.01），Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度上升（<italic>P</italic>0.001）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>大鼠肾脏铁死亡相关MDA与Fe<sup>2+</sup>变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>Changes in MDA levels and Fe<sup>2+</sup> concentrationin rat kidneys</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>a： Control group； b： Model group； <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>  0.01， <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>  0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Control group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="70.20277405" height="44.09722519"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="70.20277405" height="44.09722519"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="70.20277405" height="44.09722519"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>模型组大鼠肾脏铁死亡相关蛋白GPX4、NRF2、Keap1表达水平变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与对照组相比，模型组肾脏组织中GPX4表达水平下调（<italic>P</italic>0.05），NRF2表达水平下调（<italic>P</italic>0.01），Keap1表达水平上调（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F005</object-id><label>图5</label><caption><title>大鼠肾脏组织GPX4、NRF2、Keap1蛋白表达水平变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.5</label><title>Changes in the protein expression levels of GPX4， NRF2 and Keap1 in rat kidney tissues</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A：Western blot results； B-D： Comparison of the relative expression levels of proteins in each group； a： Control group； b： Model group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>  0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>  0.01 <italic>vs</italic> Control group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="168.98054504" height="37.04166794"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.98054504" height="37.04166794"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.98054504" height="37.04166794"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2f"><label>2.6</label><title>HG诱导的HK-2细胞线粒体膜电位变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与正常组细胞相比，HG组细胞出现明显粒体膜电位降低。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F6"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F006</object-id><label>图6</label><caption><title>HK-2细胞线粒体膜电位变化   ×400</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.6</label><title>Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential of HK-2 cells   ×400</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F006.eps" id="Graphic6"><?fx-imagestate width="154.86944580" height="75.84722137"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F006.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.86944580" height="75.84722137"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F006c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.86944580" height="75.84722137"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2g"><label>2.7</label><title>HG诱导的HK-2细胞铁死亡相关MDA含量、Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度、脂质过氧化物水平变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与正常组相比，HG组HK-2细胞中MDA含量增加（<italic>P</italic>0.001），Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度上升（<italic>P</italic>0.01），脂质过氧化水平显著升高（绿色荧光强度增强）。见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7</xref>、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">8</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F7"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F007</object-id><label>图7</label><caption><title>HK-2细胞铁死亡相关MDA（A）与Fe<sup>2+</sup>（B）变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.7</label><title>Changes in MDA levels （A） and Fe<sup>2+</sup>concentration （B） in HK-2 cells</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>a： Control group； b： Model group； <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01， <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>Control group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F007.eps" id="Graphic7"><?fx-imagestate width="73.37777710" height="46.91944504"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F007.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="73.37777710" height="46.91944504"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F007c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="73.37777710" height="46.91944504"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F8"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F008</object-id><label>图8</label><caption><title>HK-2细胞脂质过氧化物水平变化   ×400</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.8</label><title>Changes in the lipid peroxide level of HK-2 cells   ×400</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F008.eps" id="Graphic8"><?fx-imagestate width="131.58610535" height="83.60833740"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F008.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="131.58610535" height="83.60833740"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F008c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="131.58610535" height="83.60833740"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2h"><label>2.8</label><title>HG诱导的HK-2细胞KLF4及铁死亡相关GPX4、NRF2、Keap1蛋白表达水平变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与正常组比较，HG组HK-2细胞中KLF4蛋白表达下调（<italic>P</italic>0.000 1），GPX4蛋白表达下调（<italic>P</italic>0.05），NRF2蛋白表达下调（<italic>P</italic>0.01），Keap1蛋白表达上调（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">图9</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F9"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F009</object-id><label>图9</label><caption><title>HK-2细胞KLF4、GPX4、NRF2、Keap1蛋白表达水平变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.9</label><title>Changes in the expression levels of KLF4， GPX4， NRF2 and Keap1 proteins in HK-2 cells</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A，B： Western blot reults； C-F： Comparison of the relative expression levels of proteins in each group； a： Normal group； b： HG group；<sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01，<sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic>0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> Normal group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F009.eps" id="Graphic9"><?fx-imagestate width="161.21945190" height="92.07499695"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F009.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="161.21945190" height="92.07499695"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F009c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="161.21945190" height="92.07499695"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2i"><label>2.9</label><title>过表达KLF4细胞株构建及过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>后HK-2细胞线粒体膜电位变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>后，可以逆转HG效应，使线粒体膜电位上升。见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref>、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F10"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F010</object-id><label>图10</label><caption><title>Western blot验证HK-2过表达KLF4细胞株</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.10</label><title>The construction of HK-2 cell line with over-expressedKLF4 verified by Western blot</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>a： Normal group； b： OE-KLF4 group； <sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic>0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> Normal group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F010.eps" id="Graphic10"><?fx-imagestate width="38.09999847" height="59.26666260"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F010.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="38.09999847" height="59.26666260"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F010c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="38.09999847" height="59.26666260"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F11"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F011</object-id><label>图11</label><caption><title>过表达KLF4 HK-2细胞线粒体膜电位变化   ×400</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.11</label><title>Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential of KLF4-overexpressing HK-2 cells   ×400</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F011.eps" id="Graphic11"><?fx-imagestate width="153.10554504" height="136.87777710"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F011.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="153.10554504" height="136.87777710"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F011c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="153.10554504" height="136.87777710"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2j"><label>2.10</label><title>过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>后HK-2细胞铁死亡相关MDA含量、Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度、脂质过氧化物水平变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>后，逆转了HG效应，表现为脂质过氧化水平降低，MDA含量减少（<italic>P</italic>0.01），Fe<sup>2+</sup>浓度下降（<italic>P</italic>0.000 1）。见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12</xref>、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">13</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F12"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F012</object-id><label>图12</label><caption><title>过表达KLF4  HK-2细胞MDA与Fe<sup>2+</sup>变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.12</label><title>Changes of MDA levels and Fe<sup>2+</sup> concentration in HK-2 cells with over-expressed KLF4</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>a： Control group； b： Control+HG group； c： OE-KLF4 group； d： OE-KLF4+HG group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01， <sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic>0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> Control group；<sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05，<sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01，<sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs</italic> OE-KLF4+HG group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F012.eps" id="Graphic12"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="54.32777405"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F012.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="54.32777405"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F012c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="54.32777405"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F13"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F013</object-id><label>图13</label><caption><title>过表达KLF4 HK-2细胞脂质过氧化物水平变化   ×400</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.13</label><title>Changes in lipid peroxide levels of HK-2 cells with over-expressed KLF4   ×400</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F013.eps" id="Graphic13"><?fx-imagestate width="102.30554962" height="112.53610229"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F013.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="102.30554962" height="112.53610229"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F013c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="102.30554962" height="112.53610229"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2k"><label>2.11</label><title>过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>后HK-2细胞铁死亡相关蛋白GPX4、NRF2、Keap1表达水平变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>后，逆转了HG效应，GPX4蛋白表达上调（<italic>P</italic>0.000 1），NRF2蛋白表达上调（<italic>P</italic>0.000 1），Keap1蛋白表达下调（<italic>P</italic>0.01）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">图14</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F14"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F014</object-id><label>图14</label><caption><title>过表达KLF4 HK-2细胞GPX4、NRF2、Keap1蛋白表达水平变化</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.14</label><title>Changes in the protein expression levels of GPX4， NRF2 and Keap1 in HK-2 cells with over-expressed KLF4</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Western blot results； B：GPX4； C：NRF2； D：Keap1； a： Control group； b： Control+HG group； c： OE-KLF4 group； d： OE-KLF4+HG group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05， <sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic>0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> Control group； <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01， <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001， <sup>####</sup><italic>P</italic>0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> OE-KLF4+HG group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F014.eps" id="Graphic14"><?fx-imagestate width="136.87777710" height="91.72222137"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F014.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="136.87777710" height="91.72222137"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/53959842-10B2-4585-A0D7-FCC93C0240FD-F014c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="136.87777710" height="91.72222137"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>本研究通过体内外实验，系统揭示了KLF4在DN以及HK-2细胞铁死亡中的关键保护作用及其分子机制。HE染色结果显示，DN条件下肾脏呈现典型的病理损伤特征，包括肾小球体积增大、内皮细胞排列紊乱、肾小管空泡变性、扩张或萎缩以及肾间质炎性细胞浸润。免疫荧光染色进一步证实，DN肾脏组织中KLF4蛋白表达显著下调。在功能层面， HG诱导的HK-2出现了线粒体膜电位下降，而KLF4过表达有效逆转了这一现象，直接支持了KLF4对HK-2的保护作用。这些形态学和功能学改变为后续分子机制的探讨奠定了坚实的病理生理基础。</p><p>实验结果显示，糖尿病大鼠模型及HG处理的HK-2细胞中，伴随肾功能损伤（如血清SCR、BUN升高）和肾小管损伤标志物表达增加，均观察到脂质过氧化产物（如MDA）显著积累和Fe<sup>2+</sup>水平升高，提示铁死亡途径的激活。分子水平上，在DN/HG条件下，KLF4表达降低的同时，观察到Keap1表达上调，而关键的NRF2及其下游效应分子GPX4的表达则下调。在HK-2细胞中特异性过表达<italic>KLF4</italic>，能够有效逆转HG诱导的上述分子表型（即抑制Keap1、恢复NRF2和GPX4表达）、减轻脂质过氧化（降低MDA水平）、改善线粒体形态与功能损伤，并最终抑制细胞铁死亡。这一系列结果表明，KLF4功能丧失是DN进展中驱动HK-2铁死亡及肾损伤的关键因素。</p><p>本研究深入揭示了KLF4发挥肾保护作用的核心分子机制在于调控Keap1-NRF2-GPX4信号轴。在生理状态下，KLF4可能通过直接或间接抑制Keap1的转录<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>，维持NRF2<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>的稳定性并促进其核转位，从而激活包括GPX4<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>在内的下游抗氧化基因的表达。然而，在DN/HG的病理微环境下，KLF4的表达受到抑制，导致其对Keap1的负向调控作用减弱。Keap1表达失控进而促进NRF2的泛素化降解<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>，最终造成GPX4合成减少。GPX4作为清除脂质过氧化氢的关键酶，其表达下调削弱了细胞对脂质过氧化的防御能力，成为铁死亡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>发生的重要环节。本研究通过<italic>KLF4</italic>过表达实验验证了KLF4-Keap1-NRF2-GPX4轴的存在及其在对抗HG诱导铁死亡中的核心地位。</p><p>结合已有研究，KLF4可能通过双重机制阻断铁死亡：① 直接调控Keap1-NRF2-GPX4轴，增强抗氧化能力；② 抑制铁代谢相关基因（如<italic>TFR1</italic>、<italic>FTL</italic>）的表达，减少游离铁池的生成。KLF4的缺失导致细胞内铁超载与脂质过氧化相互促进，形成“铁超载-脂质过氧化-铁死亡”的恶性正反馈环路<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>，加速HK-2的死亡。双重机制的失效共同解释了DN微环境中抗氧化防御系统崩溃和铁死亡易感性增加的深层原因。</p><p>综上所述，本研究阐明并验证了KLF4-Keap1-NRF2-GPX4信号轴在DN以及HK-2细胞铁死亡中的核心调控作用。KLF4通过维持该轴的正常功能，构成抵抗糖尿病肾脏氧化损伤和铁死亡的关键内源性保护机制。其功能下调是该病理过程的重要驱动因素。该研究可为理解DN肾损伤的分子机制<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>提供了新视角，揭示了抗氧化防御在糖尿病微环境中失效的关键环节，靶向激活KLF4或其下游通路（如NRF2激活剂、GPX4稳定剂）有望成为开发新型抗氧化-抗铁死亡联合疗法以防治DN的理论基础。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Soleymanian</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>， <name 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